《华沙公约》与《蒙特利尔公约》的比较视角下航空货运单规则研究

A Study on the Rules of Air Waybills from the Perspective of Comparing the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention

摘要: 航空货运单是托运人与承运人之间关于运输合同及货物运输的凭证和单据。航空货运单是运输合同、接受货物以及运输条件的初步证明，并非运输合同本身，也不是物权凭证。《华沙公约》对航空货运单的记载内容要求较多，而《蒙特利尔公约》简化了要求，仅要求出发地点、目的地点、经停地点和货物重量。《蒙特利尔公约》对航空货运单的内容和形式不再采取强制性要求，取消了《华沙公约》中关于航空货运单不符合法律要求导致承运人不能主张责任限额的规定，这一变化既反映了航空运输业对简化、电子化航空货运单的需求，也是承运人责任制度调整的必然结果。

Abstract: The air waybill is a document and evidence of the contract of carriage and the transportation of goods between the consignor and the carrier. It serves as an initial proof of the transportation contract, acceptance of goods, and transportation conditions, but it is not the contract itself nor a document of title. The Warsaw Convention imposes numerous requirements on the content of the air waybill, while the Montreal Convention simplifies these requirements, only mandating the departure point, destination, stopover points, and weight of the goods. The Montreal Convention no longer imposes mandatory requirements on the content and form of the air waybill, and has abolished the provision in the Warsaw Convention that a carrier cannot claim liability limits if the air waybill does not meet legal requirements. This change not only reflects the demand of the air transport industry for simplified and electronic air waybills, but is also an inevitable result of the adjustment of the carrier’s liability system.