相变材料电池组热管理性能及影响因素研究
Research on Thermal Management Performance and Influencing Factors of Phase Change Material Battery Pack
DOI: 10.12677/isl.2026.102062, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 蒋若曼, 胡微勇, 潘锁柱*, 崔光宇, 郝子赫, 暴秀超：西华大学汽车与交通学院，四川 成都；汽车测控与安全四川省重点实验室，四川 成都；王得鹏：四川新能源汽车创新中心有限公司，四川 宜宾
关键词: 相变材料；锂离子电池组；热性能；影响因素；Phase Change Materials； Lithium-Ion Battery Packs； Thermal Performance； Influencing Factor
摘要: 本文采用FLuent软件搭建了相变材料(PCM)电池组仿真模型，研究了PCM电池组的散热性能及其关键影响因素。研究结果表明：相比于自然对流冷却，在1C、2C、3C放电倍率下，PCM冷却可使电池组最高温度分别降低3 K、8 K和6 K；在放电结束后的冷却阶段，电池组最高温度虽逐步降低，但PCM凝固明显滞后，最终液相率仅从1.0降至0.75左右，潜热恢复速率很缓慢。2C放电倍率下，单体电池间距从1 mm增加到6 mm，电池组最大温差从8.40 K下降到了3.58 K，降幅高达57.4%；单体电池间距的增加，使得电池组最高温度降低，但同时导致系统总质量增加13.47%、体积能量密度下降25.79%。另外，电池组最高温度随熔点的升高而上升；导热系数从0.21 W/(m·K)提升至4.21 W/(m·K)，电池组最高温度降低7 K；增大PCM潜热可降低电池组的最高温度。研究结果阐明了关键因素对PCM热管理系统性能的影响规律，可为锂离子电池组热管理系统的设计与优化提供理论依据。
Abstract: This paper develops a simulation model of phase change material (PCM) battery pack using Fluent software and employs it to investigate the PCM battery pack’s thermal performance along with its key influencing factors. The results show that compared to natural convection cooling, PCM cooling can reduce the maximum temperature of the battery pack by 3 K, 8 K and 6 K at discharge rates of 1C, 2C and 3C, respectively. In the cooling stage after discharge, the maximum temperature of the battery pack gradually decreases, but PCM solidification exhibits obvious hysteresis. The liquid fraction finally drops only from 1.0 to approximately 0.75, indicating a significantly slow latent heat recovery rate. At 2C discharge rate, when the inter-cell spacing increases from 1 mm to 6 mm, the maximum temperature difference within the battery pack decreases from 8.40 K to 3.58 K, representing a significant reduction of 57.4%. With the increase of cell spacing, the maximum temperature of the battery pack decreases, while the system mass increases by 13.47% and the volumetric energy density decreases by 25.79%. The maximum temperature of the battery pack increases with the rise of PCM melting point. When the thermal conductivity is increased from 0.21 W/(m·K) to 4.21 W/(m·K), the maximum temperature of the battery pack decreases by 7 K. Additionally, increasing the latent heat of the PCM also contributes to a reduction in the battery pack’s maximum temperature. The findings elucidate the influence patterns of key factors on the performance of PCM-based thermal management systems, which can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of thermal management systems in lithium-ion battery packs.
文章引用：蒋若曼, 胡微勇, 潘锁柱, 崔光宇, 郝子赫, 暴秀超, 王得鹏. 相变材料电池组热管理性能及影响因素研究[J]. 交叉科学快报, 2026, 10(2): 493-508. https://doi.org/10.12677/isl.2026.102062

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