下向式膏体胶结充填采矿方法在某深部矿体的应用研究

Study on the Application of Downward Mining Method with Paste Backfill in a Deep Orebody

摘要: 针对某矿8号矿体深部回采过程中假底稳定性差、充填体接顶困难、暴露面扩大致使采场垮落风险上升等关键问题，本文研究并实施了下向式分层进路膏体胶结充填采矿方法。基于深部透镜状厚大白云岩矿体的工程地质特征，开展假底受力机理分析，明确多支点梁式受力体系的演化规律；在此基础上提出进路布置、假底板块制作、充填体质量控制及转层衔接等成套工程设计。以1342~1345 m分层为例，通过凿岩爆破、出矿组织、假底制作与接顶充填的系统实践，分层综合生产能力稳定在160~180 t/d，假底变形得到有效控制，实现了深部矿体的安全、高效连续回采。研究成果验证了下向式分层进路膏体胶结充填方法在深部复杂地压条件下的适用性，并对类似厚大矿体的深部开采具有推广价值。

Abstract: In response to the challenges encountered during the deep-level extraction of Orebody No. 8—characterized by poor stability of the false-roof, difficulties in filling material reaching the roof, and increased risk of goaf collapse due to expanding exposed surfaces—this study investigates and applies a downward layered drift mining method with paste backfill. Based on the engineering geological characteristics of the thick lenticular dolomitic orebody, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical behavior of artificial false roofs was conducted, revealing the evolution of multi-support beam-type load-bearing structures under progressive excavation. Accordingly, an engineering design system was developed, including optimized drift layout, integrated false-roof reinforcement structures, paste backfill quality control, and inter-level transition techniques. Field application in the 1342~1345 m sublevel through rock drilling and blasting, ore extraction organization, false-roof fabrication, and roof-contact filling demonstrates that the method controls false-roof stability, enables safe, efficient, and continuous mining of deep orebodies, and achieves a stable comprehensive production capacity per stratum of 160~180 t/d. The results confirm that the downward layered drift mining method with paste backfill is suitable for complex deep-level rock pressure conditions and provides a practical reference for deep mining of similar thick orebodies.