贵阳龙洞堡国际机场双跑道RVR对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Runway Visual Range on Dual Runways at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport

摘要: 本文选取贵阳龙洞堡国际机场(以下统称贵阳机场) 2022年1月至2024年6月双跑道三个端共六个测点的跑道视程(RVR)观测数据，通过统计分析方法，系统对比研究了不同跑道、不同端头RVR值的时空分布特征、差异及相关性，并分析了不同天气现象对RVR的影响。结果表明：1) RVR低值概率东跑道高于西跑道、北头高于南头。2) 19 L测点的RVR低值概率独立性极高，其余各测点与19 L相关性较高；从RVR距平的逐月及逐时分布看，19 L测点平均态都为稳定的负偏差，且极端值波动也较平缓，其余测点RVR受影响程度偏小，受影响概率较为随机。3) 各测点基本表现为“同高同低”，但RVR低值逐月变化规律不明显，逐时分布表现为夜间至凌晨多，午后至傍晚少，且分布的峰值时段随着关键阈值的降低而推后。4) 在影响RVR的天气现象中，雾现象频率最高、程度最大，频率和程度从机场东北向西南方向逐渐减小；静止锋天气影响频率次之，程度则再次，且局地性较强；短时强降水天气影响频率很低，影响程度不大且随机性较强；降雪天气影响频率最低，但影响程度仅次于雾现象，且对东跑道影响显著大于西跑道。本研究结果可为贵阳机场在低能见度天气下的跑道运行选择与管制指挥提供科学参考。

Abstract: This paper selects runway visual range (RVR) observation data from six measuring points at three ends of the dual runways at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport (hereinafter referred to as Guiyang Airport) from January 2022 to June 2024. Using statistical analysis, it systematically compares the spatiotemporal distribution, differences and correlations of RVR values across runways and ends, and analyzes the impacts of various weather phenomena on RVR. The results show that: 1) The probability of low RVR is higher on the east runway than the west runway, and higher at the north ends than the south ends. 2) Measuring point 19 L has extremely high independence in low RVR probability, while other points are highly correlated with it. From the monthly and hourly RVR anomaly distributions, 19 L maintains a stable negative mean deviation with gentle extreme fluctuations; other points are less affected, with random impact probability. 3) All points generally show a synchronous “high-low together” trend, but the monthly variation of low RVR is not obvious. Hourly distribution shows more low RVR from night to early morning and less from afternoon to evening, with the peak period delaying as the critical threshold decreases. 4) Among weather phenomena affecting RVR, fog has the highest frequency and greatest impact, both decreasing from northeast to southwest of the airport. Quasi-stationary front follows in frequency with moderate, local impact. Short-duration heavy rainfall has very low, slight and random impact. Snowfall has the lowest frequency but the second-greatest impact, affecting the east runway significantly more than the west. The findings provide a scientific reference for runway operation selection and air traffic control at Guiyang Airport under low-visibility conditions.