学龄前儿童的睡眠障碍与精神行为问题的研究进展

Research Progress on Sleep Disorders and Psycho-Behavioral Problems in Preschool Children

摘要: 学龄前期是睡眠结构成熟化与精神心理发育塑型的关键窗口期，二者呈现双向调控、相互影响的动态关联。正常的睡眠结构与时长是精神心理发育的生理基础。现有临床研究证实，学龄前睡眠异常与情绪障碍、行为问题、社交发育异常密切相关，且其影响具有累积性，若未及时干预，部分异常表现会延续至学龄期甚至青少年期。本文依据国际睡眠障碍分类，系统梳理学龄前儿童的主要睡眠障碍类型、流行病学与核心临床特征，探讨不同类型睡眠障碍的潜在机制，分析其与精神行为问题之间可能的内在关联，为更深入地理解儿童睡眠障碍的潜在机制提供线索，并总结常见的干预策略，为临床精准防控儿童及青少年人群的精神心理疾病及基础研究探寻新的方向。

Abstract: The preschool period represents a critical window for the maturation of sleep architecture and the shaping of psychosocial development, with these two processes exhibiting a dynamic association of bidirectional regulation and mutual influence. Normal sleep architecture and duration serve as the physiological foundation for psychosocial development. Current clinical studies have confirmed that sleep abnormalities in preschool children are closely associated with emotional disorders, behavioral problems and social developmental anomalies in childhood, and the resulting impairments are cumulative. Without timely intervention, some abnormalities may persist into school age and even adolescence. Based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, this paper systematically reviews the main types, epidemiology and core clinical features of various sleep disorders in preschool children, explores the potential mechanisms underlying different types of sleep disorders, and analyzes the possible intrinsic associations with psycho-behavioral problems. It aims to provide clues for a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms of childhood sleep disorders, and summarize common intervention strategies, so as to explore new directions for the clinical precise prevention and control of psycho-behavioral disorders in children and adolescents as well as basic research.