新疆曲子戏中衬词的运用及其效果

The Use and Effect of Refrains in Xinjiang Quzi Opera

摘要: 新疆曲子戏作为国家级非物质文化遗产，是新疆地区唯一用汉语演唱的地方曲种，其语言具有鲜明的口语化、地域化特征。衬词作为戏曲唱词中的特殊语言现象，在新疆曲子戏中运用广泛、形式多样，兼具音乐性与文学性的双重价值。本文以新疆曲子戏代表性剧目的剧本唱词为研究对象，运用文本分析、分类描写等方法，对衬词进行系统分类与描写。研究发现，新疆曲子戏衬词可分为语气衬词、唱腔助词、固定衬词三种类型，它们在增强音乐节奏、塑造人物形象、烘托情感氛围、体现地域特色等方面发挥着独特的艺术效果。同时，衬词作为方言研究的活材料、戏曲程式化的体现以及文化交融的见证，具有重要的语言学价值。本研究有助于深化对新疆曲子戏艺术特色的认识，为这一非物质文化遗产的保护与传承提供语言学视角的参考。

Abstract: As a national intangible cultural heritage, Xinjiang Quzi Opera is the only local opera form in the Xinjiang region performed in Chinese, and its language features distinct colloquial and regional characteristics. Intercalary words, as a special linguistic phenomenon in opera lyrics, are widely used in Xinjiang Quzi Opera in diverse forms, possessing both musical and literary value. This paper takes the lyrics from representative scripts of Xinjiang Quzi Opera as the research object and employs methods such as text analysis and descriptive classification to systematically categorize and describe intercalary words. The study finds that intercalary words in Xinjiang Quzi Opera can be classified into three types: mood intercalary words, melodic auxiliary words, and fixed intercalary words. They play unique artistic roles in enhancing musical rhythm, shaping character images, highlighting emotional atmospheres, and reflecting regional characteristics. At the same time, as living materials for dialect research, manifestations of opera formalization, and witnesses of cultural integration, intercalary words hold significant linguistic value. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the artistic characteristics of Xinjiang Quzi Opera and provides a linguistic perspective for the preservation and inheritance of this intangible cultural heritage.