基于认知语义学的中英颜色词隐喻认知对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and English Color Word Metaphor Cognition Based on Cognitive Semantics

摘要: 隐喻是语言中一种普遍存在的现象。传统语言学理论中认为隐喻只是一种修辞手法和语言现象。莱考夫(Lakoff, 1980)则突破了将隐喻作为一种词语之间互相替换的研究思路，认为隐喻不仅仅是一种语言现象，更重要的是一种思维和认知现象，其实质是通过另一类事物来理解和经历某一类事物。隐喻的认知力量在于将始源域的图式结构映射到目标域上，这种映射机制是认知语义学研究的核心内容之一。颜色词通常是用来描写自然界事物色彩的词语，人类的色彩感知通过自然语言表达和固定，形成了丰富的颜色词语体系。人们对颜色词的研究兴趣经久不衰，尤其是从认知语义学视角出发，颜色词的隐喻认知机制成为揭示人类语义构建规律的重要切入点。本论文基于认知语义学理论，探讨了中英颜色词的隐喻认知。研究通过分析大量中英颜色词的隐喻实例，揭示两种语言在颜色词隐喻认知上的共性与差异，并从文化、历史、认知模式等方面分析差异形成的原因。研究发现，人类共通的认知结构和概念化方式让中英颜色词隐喻认知存在部分共性，而不同的文化背景和认知习惯催生了二者的诸多差异，同时中英各自文化内部的颜色隐喻都存在多样性特征，其语义也会随社会发展产生流变性变化。本成果有助于深化对中英语言文化的理解，为跨文化交际、语言教学与翻译实践提供有益参考。

Abstract: Metaphor is a ubiquitous phenomenon in language. Traditional linguistic theories consider metaphor to be just a rhetorical device and a linguistic phenomenon. Lakoff broke through the research idea of metaphor as a kind of substitution between words, arguing that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but, more importantly, a thinking and cognitive phenomenon. Its essence lies in understanding and experiencing one type of thing through another. The cognitive power of metaphor lies in mapping the schematic structure of the source domain to the target domain, which is a core mechanism in cognitive semantics. Color words are typically used to describe the colors of things in nature, and human color perception is expressed and fixed in natural language, forming a rich system of color terms. The interest in color words has endured for a long time, and from the perspective of cognitive semantics, the metaphorical cognitive mechanisms of color words have become an important entry point for revealing the laws of human semantic construction. Based on the theory of cognitive semantics, this paper explores the metaphorical cognition of color words in Chinese and English. Through the analysis of a large number of metaphorical examples of Chinese and English color words, the similarities and differences between the two languages in the cognition of color word metaphors are revealed, and the causes are analyzed from the aspects of culture, history, and cognitive patterns. The study finds that the common cognitive structures and conceptualization methods of human beings lead to some commonalities in metaphorical cognition, while different cultural backgrounds and cognitive habits give rise to many differences. At the same time, the color metaphors within the respective cultures of China and Britain all have the characteristics of diversity, and their semantics will also change with the development of society. This work will help deepen the understanding of Chinese and English language and culture and provide useful references for cross-cultural communication, language teaching, and translation practice.