基层治理创新行为及其影响因素研究综述

A Review of Grassroots Governance Innovation Behaviors and Their Influencing Factors

摘要: 在国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下，基层治理创新行为已成为提升政府治理效能、响应社会公共需求的核心驱动力。然而，在全面从严治党与行政问责制度日益规范化背景下，基层治理往往面临“激励创新”与“保守倾向”的心理冲突。如何通过构建有效的组织容错氛围以激发个体的创新活力，已成为当前公共管理研究的重要议题。本文通过系统梳理国内外关于组织容错氛围与基层治理创新行为的既有研究，旨在揭示二者之间的内在逻辑联系及其传导机制。首先，本文对基层治理创新行为与组织容错氛围的概念演进、本土化测量维度进行了深度辨析；其次，从公共部门非物质激励的视角出发，探讨了使命效价(价值驱动)与公共服务动机(内在动机)作为中介变量在解释环境感知转化为个体行为过程中的理论适用性。综述发现，虽然定性研究已初步证实了组织容错氛围对创新行为的“松绑”作用，但仍存在实证研究碎片化、本土化量表开发不完善等局限。最后，本文提出了未来研究的三大转向：即进一步聚焦基层治理特定群体、强化组织层面的多路径实证分析、以及完善契合中国政治语境的测量工具。本文的研究结论不仅有助于丰富公共部门创新激励的理论体系，也为地方政府优化容错纠错机制、提升基层治理水平提供了决策参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, grassroots governance innovation behaviors have become the core driving force for enhancing government governance efficiency and responding to public demands. However, under the dual pressure of intense supervision and strict accountability, grassroots governance often faces a psychological conflict between “incentivizing innovation” and “avoiding responsibility for stability”. How to create an effective organizational tolerance atmosphere to stimulate individual innovation vitality has become an important issue in current public management research. This paper systematically reviews the existing research on organizational tolerance atmosphere and grassroots governance innovation behaviors at home and abroad, aiming to reveal the intrinsic logical connection and transmission mechanism between the two. Firstly, this paper deeply analyzes the concept evolution and localization measurement dimensions of grassroots governance innovation behaviors and organizational tolerance atmosphere. Secondly, from the perspective of non-material incentives in the public sector, it explores the theoretical applicability of mission valence (value-driven) and public service motivation (intrinsic motivation) as mediating variables in explaining the process of transforming environmental perception into individual behavior. The review finds that although qualitative research has initially confirmed the “unshackling” effect of organizational tolerance atmosphere on innovation behaviors, there are still limitations such as fragmented empirical research and incomplete development of localized measurement scales. Finally, this paper proposes three major directions for future research: further focusing on specific groups in grassroots governance, strengthening multi-path empirical analysis at the organizational level, and improving measurement tools that fit the Chinese political context. The research conclusions of this paper not only contribute to enriching the theoretical system of innovation incentives in the public sector but also provide decision-making references for local governments to optimize the tolerance and error correction mechanism and improve the level of grassroots governance.