城市文化的符号结构与意义转译研究——以青岛近代建筑为例

A Study on the Symbolic Structure and Meaning Translation of Urban Culture—A Case Study of Modern Architecture in Qingdao

摘要: 青岛作为中国近代重要的港口城市，其城市形态与建筑风貌在1898~1914年、1914~1945年时期形成了独特的跨文化建筑景观。近代建筑不仅是城市空间形态的物质载体，更是社会文化与权力结构的视觉符号系统。本文以建筑符号学为理论基础，引入莫里斯提出的“符构学–符义学–符用学”三维分析框架，从建筑装饰构件的形式组合逻辑、文化象征意义以及历史语境中的使用转译三个层面，对青岛近代建筑装饰艺术进行系统性研究。研究通过文献归纳、测绘与量化分析相结合的方法，选取青岛德国总督楼旧址等与青岛取引所旧址为典型样本，排除建筑功能类型差异对符号表达的干扰，对其屋顶形态、窗框比例、立面节奏及装饰纹样等要素展开比较分析。研究发现，德式建筑装饰强调纪念性与权威性的视觉表达，日式建筑则更注重功能性与秩序性的隐性渗透，两者在符号构成方式与意义指向上呈现出明显差异。同时，建筑符号在城市更新语境中并非静态遗存，而是具有再语境化与再生产的潜在能力。本文以三维符号学框架系统对比1898~1945年时期青岛公共建筑装饰的符号差异，为历史建筑保护与当代更新设计提供理论依据与方法路径。

Abstract: As an important port city in modern China, Qingdao’s urban form and architectural style formed a unique cross-cultural architectural landscape during the periods of 1898~1914 and 1914~1945. Modern architecture is not only a material carrier of urban spatial form, but also a visual symbolic system of social culture and power structure. This paper, based on architectural semiotics, introduces the three-dimensional analytical framework of “semiotics-semiotics-semiotics” proposed by Morris, and conducts a systematic study on the decorative art of modern architecture in Qingdao from three levels: the formal combination logic of architectural decorative components, cultural symbolic meaning, and usage translation in historical context. The study uses a combination of literature review, surveying, and quantitative analysis, selecting the former site of the German Governor’s Mansion in Qingdao and the former site of the Qingdao Exchange Office as typical samples. Excluding the interference of differences in architectural function types on symbolic expression, the study compares and analyzes elements such as roof shape, window frame proportion, facade rhythm, and decorative patterns. Research reveals that German architectural decoration emphasizes commemorative and authoritative visual expressions, while Japanese architecture focuses more on the implicit permeation of functionality and order. The two exhibit significant differences in their symbolic composition and meaning. Furthermore, architectural symbols in the context of urban renewal are not static relics but possess the potential for re-contextualization and reproduction. This paper uses a three-dimensional semiotic framework to systematically compare the symbolic differences in the decoration of public buildings in Qingdao from 1898 to 1945, providing theoretical basis and methodological pathways for historical building preservation and contemporary renewal design.