老龄化社会背景下农村居家养老服务模式研究——以贵州省G村为例

Research on the Model of Rural Home-Based Elderly Care under the Background of Aging Society—A Case of G Village in Guizhou Province

摘要: 本文以贵州省遵义市G村为典型案例，聚焦深度老龄化背景下农村居家养老服务体系建设问题。通过实地调研与质性分析，系统考察了当前农村居家养老在服务供给、资金保障、内容覆盖及社会参与等方面存在的现实困境，并深入剖析其成因，包括财政投入不足、社会力量缺位及传统养老观念束缚等。研究发现，单一依靠家庭或政府难以满足农村老年人多元化需求，亟需构建政府主导、社会协同、家庭参与的多元共治格局。文章进而提出优化路径：强化财政与政策支持、完善基础设施与人才体系、引入“互联网+”技术提升服务精准度，并激励社会力量丰富服务内容。本研究不仅为G村提供了实践方案，也为中西部欠发达地区应对农村养老挑战、推动乡村振兴与积极应对老龄化战略融合提供了有益参考。

Abstract: Focusing on Village G in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, this paper investigates the construction of a home-based elderly care service system in rural China against the backdrop of deepening population aging. Through field research and qualitative analysis, it systematically examines the current challenges in service provision, financial support, service coverage, and social participation, identifying root causes such as insufficient fiscal investment, lack of social engagement, and constraints from traditional care concepts. The study finds that neither families nor the government alone can meet the diverse needs of the rural elderly, necessitating a multi-stakeholder governance model led by the government with active collaboration from society and families. The paper proposes an optimization framework: strengthening fiscal and policy support, improving infrastructure and professional training, leveraging “Internet+” technologies for precision services, and incentivizing social organizations to enrich service offerings. While centered on a single village, this research offers valuable insights for addressing rural elderly care challenges and integrating rural revitalization with national strategies for active aging in less-developed regions of China.