移民搬迁后生活方式改变对肥胖及代谢健康的影响

The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on Obesity and Metabolic Health after Migration Relocation

摘要: 移民健康是全球公共卫生领域的重要议题。本综述旨在系统阐释移民搬迁后生活方式改变对肥胖及代谢健康的综合影响。研究发现，移民经历通常伴随着明确的“营养与体力活动转型”，其特征表现为饮食结构趋向高能量密度、低营养素密度，体力活动水平全面下降，以及慢性社会心理压力升高。这些多维度的生活方式改变，通过能量代谢失衡、慢性炎症反应、神经内分泌调节紊乱等直接生物医学路径，显著增加肥胖、2型糖尿病及代谢综合征的发生风险。同时，这些行为转变受到迁入地社会文化环境、物理建成环境及移民自身社会经济地位的系统性调节。本文整合了不同移民群体的研究证据，辨析了“健康移民效应”的异质性及方法学挑战，并基于社会生态模型，提出了涵盖个体、社区与环境的多层次干预策略，为制定具有文化敏感性的公共卫生实践与未来研究方向提供理论依据。

Abstract: Immigrant health is a critical issue in global public health. This review aims to systematically elucidate the comprehensive effects of lifestyle changes following migration on obesity and metabolic health. Studies have consistently shown that the migration experience is typically accompanied by a distinct “nutrition and physical activity transition,” characterized by dietary patterns shifting toward high energy density and low nutrient density, a comprehensive decline in physical activity levels, and increased chronic psychosocial stress. These multidimensional lifestyle changes significantly increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome through direct biomedical pathways such as energy metabolism imbalance, chronic inflammatory responses, and neuroendocrine regulatory disorders. Meanwhile, these behavioral changes are systematically modulated by the sociocultural environment, physical built environment of the host country, and the migrants’ own socioeconomic status. This review integrates research evidence from different migrant groups, analyzes the heterogeneity and methodological challenges of the “healthy migrant effect,” and proposes multi-level intervention strategies covering individuals, communities, and environments based on the social-ecological model. It provides a theoretical basis for developing culturally sensitive public health practices and future research directions. lth Among Migrants.