维持性血液透析患者口渴症状的影响因素及干预措施：一项范围综述
Influencing Factors and Intervention Measures of Thirst Symptoms in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Scope Review
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2026.153097, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 葸英博：甘肃中医药大学附属医院护理部，甘肃 兰州；蔡 瑛：甘肃中医药大学附属医院宋氏正骨科，甘肃 兰州
关键词: 血液透析；口渴；影响因素；干预措施；范围综述；Hemodialysis； Thirst； Influencing Factors； Intervention Measures； Scoping Review
摘要: 目的：本范围综述旨在全面梳理血液透析患者口渴症状的影响因素及干预措施相关研究。方法：基于范围综述框架，通过系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Web of Science、知网、万方、维普及生物医学文献数据库，筛选有关血液透析患者口渴症状的文献，检索时限为建库至2025年5月30日，由两名研究者对纳入的文献进行数据提取及汇总分析。并进行分类整合。结果：最终纳入52篇文献，确定了多个与血液透析患者口渴相关的影响因素，包括高钠血症、口腔干燥、残存肾功能等生理因素、心理压力、焦虑抑郁情绪等心理因素、透析模式、透析液钠浓度等透析治疗因素，干预措施涵盖饮食调整、药物及非药物干预等多维度策略。结论：血液透析患者口渴受高钠血症、液体限制、心理压力、透析模式等多种因素共同作用，现有干预措施虽多样，但缺乏高质量证据支持。本综述为临床制定针对性口渴管理策略提供理论依据，同时为后续研究指明方向。
Abstract: Objective: This scoping review aims to comprehensively summarize the research on the influencing factors and intervention measures for thirst in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Based on the scoping review framework, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Biomedical Literature Database to screen relevant literature. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to May 30, 2025. Two researchers extracted and summarized the data from the included literature and classified and integrated them. Results: A total of 52 articles were included. Multiple factors related to thirst in hemodialysis patients were identified, including physiological factors such as hypernatremia and xerostomia, psychological factors such as psychological stress and anxiety and depression, and dialysis treatment factors such as dialysis mode and dialysate sodium concentration. Intervention measures included dietary, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological approaches. Conclusion: Thirst in hemodialysis patients is influenced by multiple factors such as hypernatremia, fluid restriction, psychological stress, and dialysis mode. Although there are various intervention measures, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support them. This review provides a theoretical basis for the clinical development of targeted thirst management strategies and points out the direction for future research.
文章引用：葸英博, 蔡瑛. 维持性血液透析患者口渴症状的影响因素及干预措施：一项范围综述[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(3): 305-313. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.153097

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