散发性脑小血管病与认知障碍关系进展
Relationship between Sporadic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Cognitive Impairment
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1631204, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 徐从英, 王琰萍*, 石雪梅, 汤芸竹：浙江省嘉兴大学医学院附属第二医院神经内科，嘉兴市急性缺血性脑血管病脑保护基础与临床研究重点实验室(A)，浙江 嘉兴
关键词: 散发性脑小血管病；认知障碍；血管性认知障碍；神经影像；病理生理学；Sporadic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease； Cognitive Impairment； Vascular Cognitive Impairment； Neuroimaging； Pathophysiology
摘要: 散发性脑小血管病(sporadic cerebral small vessel disease, sCSVD)是一组累及脑内小动脉、小静脉、微动脉及毛细血管的慢性进展性疾病，是老年人卒中与认知障碍的重要致病基础。随着人口老龄化加速，sCSVD相关认知障碍的发病率和疾病负担持续上升。现有研究表明，sCSVD通过血脑屏障功能障碍、慢性炎症、氧化应激、神经血管单元紊乱及脑网络结构受损等多重机制，导致不同认知域，尤其是执行功能与处理速度的显著下降。本文旨在系统梳理sCSVD的发病机制、影像学表现及其与认知障碍之间的关联，结合新兴神经影像技术与体液生物标志物的进展，为早期识别、精准诊断及干预策略的优化提供理论支持与研究方向。
Abstract: Sporadic cerebral small vessel disease (sCSVD), being a chronic progressive disorder involving arterioles, venule, microarteriole, and capillaries in the brain, is a critical pathological basis for stroke and cognitive impairment in the elderly. With the accelerated aging of the population, the incidence and disease burden of sCSVD-related cognitive impairment continue to rise. Currently, there are studies showing that sCSVD leads to significant decline in various cognitive domains, particularly executive function and processing speed, through multiple mechanisms such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, neurovascular unit disorder, and impaired brain network structure. Our article aims to systematically review the pathogenesis, imaging manifestations, and their associations with cognitive impairment in sCSVD, and provide theoretical support and research directions for early identification, precise diagnosis, and optimization of intervention strategies based on emerging neuroimaging techniques and biological markers in body fluids.
文章引用：徐从英, 王琰萍, 石雪梅, 汤芸竹. 散发性脑小血管病与认知障碍关系进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 3939-3947. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1631204

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