组蛋白PKM乙酰化在胃癌发生发展中的 作用机制以及其临床意义

The Mechanism of Histone PKM Acetylation in the Occurrence and Development of Gastric Cancer and Its Clinical Significance

摘要: 胃癌作为常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，其复杂的分子机制和高异质性给治疗带来挑战。近年来，组蛋白修饰在胃癌研究中的重要性日益凸显，特别是组蛋白PKM(丙酮酸激酶M型)的乙酰化修饰。PKM乙酰化是通过组蛋白乙酰转移酶引入乙酰基至PKM特定赖氨酸残基上的过程，影响酶活性、核–质转位及转录因子功能，对细胞代谢和基因表达调控至关重要。本文详细阐述了PKM乙酰化在胃癌中的分子机制，并通过模式图直观展示了PKM在特定HATs/HDACs作用下的乙酰化/去乙酰化动态平衡及其调控下游靶基因的完整通路。同时，本文聚焦PKM乙酰化在胃癌中的特异性调控网络，并探讨了其在胃癌耐药性及免疫微环境中的潜在作用。

Abstract: Gastric cancer, as a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, poses challenges to treatment due to its complex molecular mechanisms and high heterogeneity. In recent years, the significance of histone modification in gastric cancer research has become increasingly prominent, especially the acetylation modification of histone PKM (pyruvate kinase type M). PKM acetylation is the process of introducing acetyl groups to specific lysine residues of PKM through histone acetyltransferase, which affects enzyme activity, nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation and transcription factor function, and is crucial for cellular metabolism and gene expression regulation. This article elaborates in detail on the molecular mechanism of PKM acetylation in gastric cancer and visually presents the dynamic balance of acetylation/deacetylation of PKM under the action of specific HATs/HDACs and the complete pathway regulating downstream target genes through a model diagram. Meanwhile, this paper focuses on the specific regulatory network of PKM acetylation in gastric cancer and explores its potential role in drug resistance and the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer.