乳腺癌动物模型的研究进展

Research Progress in Animal Models of Breast Cancer

摘要: 乳腺癌作为全球女性群体中确诊率位居前列的癌症类型，其内部存在的诸多异质性为研究工作增添了挑战。乳腺癌研究在很大程度上依赖于多样化的模型系统，以了解疾病进展、开发新型诊断方法并评估新的治疗策略。动物模型一直是我们探索癌症病理、构建与人类癌症高度相似的体内微环境的重要工具。这些模型在癌症相关临床研究中不可或缺，精准识别与疾病预后紧密相关的生物标志物和遗传通路。化学诱导模型成本低且易于构建；移植模型能够可靠地模拟人类乳腺癌环境；基因工程小鼠模型有助于揭示所涉及的基因改变，并测试新型免疫疗法；本文概述了乳腺癌动物模型研究方法进展，旨在为从事乳腺癌研究、并需根据研究目的精心挑选最佳模型的研究人员提供坚实的支撑与参考。

Abstract: Breast cancer ranks among the top cancer types in terms of incidence among the global female population. The significant heterogeneity within breast cancer poses challenges to research endeavors. Breast cancer research heavily relies on diverse model systems to understand disease progression, develop novel diagnostic methods, and evaluate new therapeutic strategies. Animal models have consistently served as crucial tools for exploring cancer pathology and constructing in vivo microenvironments that closely resemble human cancers. These models are indispensable in cancer-related clinical research, enabling the precise identification of biomarkers and genetic pathways closely associated with disease prognosis. Chemically induced models are cost-effective and easy to establish; transplant models reliably simulate the human breast cancer environment; genetically engineered mouse models facilitate the revelation of involved genetic alterations and the testing of novel immunotherapies. This paper provides an overview of the research advancements in breast cancer animal models, aiming to offer robust support and reference for researchers engaged in breast cancer studies who need to carefully select the optimal model based on their research objectives.