婴幼儿早期发展现状及其影响因素研究

Research on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Early Childhood Development in Infants and Toddlers

摘要: 目的：了解永川区儿童早期发展现状，并分析其影响因素，为探索本区域儿童保健服务策略提供研究依据。方法：采用横断面调查设计，于2023年通过配额抽样选取永川区680名3~36月龄健康婴幼儿及其主要养育人。使用自编问卷、0~3岁儿童心理行为发育预警征象筛查表及体格测量收集数据，采用二元Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果：婴幼儿体格发育总体正常，体重、身高处于正常范围(P25~P75)者分别占56.03%与57.35%；心理行为发育预警征阳性率为6.62%。男性(OR = 2.817, CI: 2.845~9.424)、每日屏幕暴露时间 > 2小时(OR = 5.376, CI: 2.981~9.695)、养育人焦虑(OR = 9.104, CI: 1.69~49.104)是预警征阳性的危险因素；主要带养人文化程度高(OR = 0.015, CI: 0.503~0.116)、亲子互动时间长(OR = 0.164, CI: 0.188~1.327)、早入睡(OR = 0.445, CI: 0.242~0.856)为其保护因素(P < 0.05)；家长养育知识获取主要依赖手机育儿软件(75.29%)与社交媒体(63.53%)，最期望获得家庭养育与交流玩耍指导(均71.03%)。结论：婴幼儿心理行为发育滞后受养育行为、家庭环境等多因素影响，建议重点关注屏幕时间管理、养育人情绪支持与亲子互动指导，并利用数字与线下结合方式提供精准养育服务。对于筛查阳性的儿童，应及时转介进行诊断性评估。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the current status of early childhood development among infants and toddlers in Yongchuan District, Chongqing, and analyze its associated influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for formulating regional early development promotion strategies. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. In 2023, 680 healthy infants and toddlers aged 3~36 months and their primary caregivers in Yongchuan District were selected via quota sampling. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire, the “0-3-Year-Old Children’s Psychological and Behavioral Development Warning Signs Screening Scale”, and physical measurements. Binary Logistic regression was used for the analysis of influencing factors. Result: The physical growth of the infants and toddlers was generally normal, with 56.03% and 57.35% having weight and height, respectively, within the normal range (P25~P75). The positive rate for psychological and behavioral development warning signs was 6.62%. Male gender (OR = 2.817, CI: 2.845~9.424), daily screen exposure time > 2 hours (OR = 5.376, CI: 2.981~9.695), and caregiver anxiety (OR = 9.104, CI: 1.69~49.104) were risk factors for positive warning signs. A higher education level of the primary caregiver (OR = 0.015, CI: 0.503~0.116), longer parent-child interaction time (OR = 0.164, CI: 0.188~1.327), and earlier bedtime (OR = 0.445, CI: 0.242~0.856) were protective factors (P < 0.05). Parents primarily relied on mobile parenting apps (75.29%) and social media (63.53%) for parenting knowledge acquisition, and their most desired guidance was on family nurturing and interactive play (both 71.03%). Conclusion: Delays in infant and toddler psychological and behavioral development are influenced by multiple factors including parenting practices and family environment. It is recommended to focus on screen time management, emotional support for caregivers, and guidance on parent-child interaction, and to provide precise parenting services through a combination of digital and offline approaches.