老龄化背景下X市养老服务体系的现状与优化路径研究

Research on the Current Situation and Optimization Path of X City’s Pension Service System under the Aging Background

摘要: 人口老龄化是我国当前社会发展的核心趋势之一，完善养老服务体系、切实保障老年群体民生福祉，是积极应对人口老龄化的关键举措。本文以X市为研究对象，依托2020~2025年X市统计局、民政部门等官方监测数据，从社会保障、服务供给、健康保障、产业发展四个维度系统梳理当地养老服务体系建设现状，识别出政策协同性不足、服务供给结构失衡、人才队伍建设滞后、医养康养融合不深、基层工作力量薄弱等核心问题，其中农村认知症照护覆盖率低、养老服务人才流失严重等短板尤为突出。结合厦门、广州、芜湖及沈阳长安社区等国内典型实践，融入2023~2025年养老服务领域最新研究成果，针对性提出构建协同政策体系、优化城乡服务供给、强化人才梯队建设、深化医养康养融合、推进智慧养老落地、补强基层服务能力等优化路径，重点对农村认知症照护等具体短板设计细化解决方案，以期为X市养老服务体系高质量发展提供实操性参考，助力实现“老有所养、老有所医、老有所为、老有所学、老有所乐”的养老发展目标。

Abstract: Population aging has become a pivotal trend in China’s current social development. Enhancing the elderly care service system and effectively safeguarding the welfare of the elderly population are crucial measures to actively address this challenge. This study focuses on City X, utilizing official monitoring data from the Municipal Bureau of Statistics and civil affairs departments from 2020 to 2025. It systematically examines the current status of the local elderly care service system from four dimensions: social security, service provision, health protection, and industrial development. Key issues identified include insufficient policy coordination, imbalanced service supply structure, lagging talent development, shallow integration of medical and elderly care services, and weak grassroots workforce capacity. Notably, rural areas face particularly prominent challenges such as low coverage of dementia care and severe talent attrition in elderly care services. Drawing on domestic best practices from Xiamen, Guangzhou, Wuhu, and Shenyang Chang’an Community, and incorporating the latest research findings in elderly care services from 2023 to 2025, the study proposes targeted optimization strategies. These include establishing a coordinated policy framework, optimizing urban-rural service supply, strengthening talent echelon development, deepening medical-elderly care integration, advancing smart elderly care implementation, and enhancing grassroots service capabilities. Specific solutions are designed for rural dementia care and other critical shortcomings, aiming to provide actionable references for the high-quality development of City X’s elderly care service system. The ultimate goal is to achieve the elderly care development objectives of “ensuring support for the elderly, providing medical care, enabling active participation, facilitating lifelong learning, and ensuring recreational activities”.