积极老龄化视角下农村空巢老人养老质量提升研究

Study on the Improvement of Elderly Care Quality for Rural Empty Nest Elderly from the Perspective of Active Aging

摘要: 随着我国城镇化进程的不断加快，农村地区人口老龄化问题越发凸显，农村空巢老人数量持续增多。传统的家庭养老模式在诸多因素的冲击下逐渐弱化，难以满足农村空巢老人日益多样化的养老需求。积极老龄化理论为提升农村空巢老人养老质量提供了新的思路和方向，本文聚焦积极老龄化视角下农村空巢老人的养老质量问题，通过对现有文献的梳理，深入分析当前农村空巢老人养老面临的主要问题及其原因。研究发现，农村空巢老人在经济保障、医疗健康、精神文化生活等方面存在显著问题，而家庭支持不足、社会资源匮乏、政策保障不完善等是导致这些问题的主要原因。基于此，本文从健康、参与、保障三个维度提出构建农村健康服务体系建设、巩固家庭养老基础功能、强化社区支持网络、促进农村空巢老人社会参与等一系列针对性解决措施，旨在为提升农村空巢老人养老质量提供理论支持和实践参考。

Abstract: As China’s urbanization continues to accelerate, the aging of the population in rural areas has become increasingly prominent, leading to a steady rise in the number of rural empty-nesters. The traditional family-based elderly care model has been gradually weakened under the impact of various factors, making it difficult to meet the diverse and growing needs of rural empty-nesters. The theory of active aging offers new perspectives and directions for improving the quality of elderly care for this group. This paper focuses on the quality of life and care for rural empty-nesters from the perspective of active aging. Through a review of existing literature, it analyzes the main challenges faced by rural empty-nesters in their daily lives and the underlying causes. The study finds that rural empty-nesters encounter significant difficulties in three key areas: economic security, healthcare, and spiritual and cultural life. These issues are primarily attributed to insufficient family support, a lack of social resources, and inadequate policy guarantees. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a series of targeted measures from the three dimensions of active aging—health, participation, and security—including the development of a rural health service system, reinforcement of the foundational role of family care, strengthening of community support networks, and encouragement of social participation among rural empty-nesters. These measures aim to provide theoretical support and practical references for enhancing the quality of elderly care for rural empty-nesters.