供需视角下济宁市机构医养结合服务优化路径研究

Research on Optimization Path of Integrated Medical Care Service in Jining Institutions from Supply and Demand Perspective

摘要: 随着中国深度老龄化进程加速，老年人“看病难、养老难”问题日益凸显，医养结合成为关键应对路径。然而在实践层面，服务供给与有效需求之间仍存在显著失衡，这一矛盾在济宁这类发展中城市尤为典型。本文选取济宁市三家代表性医养结合机构，聚焦“养中有医”“医中有养”“医养合作”三种模式，揭示其面临民办机构运营困难、合作机制形式化等现实困境。研究从供需两侧深入剖析，发现需求侧存在认知不足与支付能力有限的结构性制约；供给侧则受政策碎片化、市场失灵及社会信任度低等多重限制，共同导致服务难以有效匹配。基于此，本文从供需协同角度提出优化建议，旨在为同类城市推动机构医养结合服务高质量发展提供理论参考与实践路径，也为化解区域老龄化难题、完善地方性政策供给提供依据。

Abstract: With the deepening aging process in China, the challenges of “difficult access to medical care and elderly support” for the elderly have become increasingly prominent, making the integration of medical and elderly care services a critical solution. However, in practice, there remains a significant imbalance between service supply and effective demand, a contradiction particularly evident in developing cities like Jining. This study selects three representative medical-elderly care integrated institutions in Jining, focusing on the three models of “elderly care with medical services”, “medical services with elderly care”, and “collaborative medical-elderly care”, revealing practical challenges such as operational difficulties for private institutions and formalized cooperation mechanisms. Through an in-depth analysis of both supply and demand sides, the study identifies structural constraints on the demand side, including insufficient awareness and limited payment capacity, while the supply side faces multiple limitations such as fragmented policies, market failures, and low social trust, collectively hindering effective service matching. Drawing on the resource and institutional characteristics of developing cities reflected in the Jining case, this paper proposes optimization recommendations from a supply-demand synergy perspective, aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical pathways for similar cities to promote high-quality development of integrated medical-elderly care services. It also offers a basis for addressing regional aging challenges and improving localized policy implementation.