人口困境、扶持与回应——河南农村地区老年人养老问题的系统研究

Population Dilemma, Support and Response—A Systematic Study on the Elderly Care Problem in Rural Areas of Henan Province

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，河南作为农业、人口与劳动力输出大省，叠加“未富先老”等特征，农村养老困境尤为典型。本研究以积极老龄化、协同治理、福利多元主义理论为支撑，结合实地调研与统计数据，剖析河南农村老年人在经济供养、生活照料、健康医疗、精神慰藉四维度的困境，选取嵩县、栾川、襄城3县6村为样本开展实证研究，并批判性分析三地典型养老实践模式。研究发现河南农村养老已形成“政策引导、地方创新、多元协同”发展路径，但仍存在资源投入不均、模式可持续性不足、主体协同壁垒等问题。本文据此提出针对性优化建议，为同类农业大省完善农村养老服务体系提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of population aging, Henan, a major agricultural, populous and labor-exporting province in China, is plagued by a particularly typical predicament in rural elderly care due to the superposition of characteristics such as “aging before getting rich”. Based on the theories of active aging, collaborative governance and welfare pluralism, this study analyzed the dilemmas of rural elderly people in Henan in four dimensions: economic support, life care, health care and spiritual comfort by combining field research and statistical data. It selected 6 villages in 3 counties including Songxian, Luanchuan and Xiangcheng as samples for empirical research, and conducted a critical analysis of the typical rural elderly care practice models in these three places. The study found that rural elderly care in Henan has formed a development path of “policy guidance, local innovation and multi-stakeholder collaboration”, but there are still prominent problems such as uneven resource investment, insufficient model sustainability and intersubjective collaboration barriers. Targeted optimization suggestions are put forward to provide references for similar major agricultural provinces to improve the rural elderly care service system.