父母情感温暖、师生关系与儿童亲社会行为之间的内在关系——一项基于网络分析的维度特征研究

The Intrinsic Relationship between Parental Emotional Warmth, Teacher-Student Relationships, and Children’s Prosocial Behavior—A Dimensional Characterization Study Based on Network Analysis

摘要: 目的：为深入理解父母情感温暖、师生关系与儿童亲社会行为之间的内在关系，本研究旨在构建一个以师生关系为中介的模型，同时利用网络分析技术揭示亲社会行为的核心维度。方法：采用横断面研究设计，以1833名3~6年级学生作为研究对象，采用岳冬梅等修订的《父母教养方式评价量表》(EMBU)中的父母情感温暖分量表、邹泓等编制的师生关系量表和寇彧等修订的《亲社会行为倾向量表》(PTM)进行测评。通过Mplus 8.4和R 4.3.1等软件进行数据分析。结果：1) 中介模型显示，父母情感温暖不仅能直接预测亲社会行为，还能通过师生关系的部分中介作用产生间接的相关性；2) 网络分析结果表明，亲社会行为可划分为情绪性、依从性等核心维度及公开性、匿名性等边缘维度。其中情绪性(“如当别人心情不好时，我常常帮助他们”)与依从性(“如当别人请我帮忙时，我会毫不犹豫地帮助他们”)在网络中占据核心位置。结论：本研究系统揭示了“父母情感温暖–师生关系–亲社会行为”的预测路径，证实了情绪性与依从性作为亲社会行为的核心维度。

Abstract: Objective: To gain deeper insights into the intrinsic relationship among parental emotional warmth, teacher-student relationships, and children’s prosocial behavior, this study aims to construct a model mediated by teacher-student relationships while utilizing network analysis techniques to reveal the core dimensions of prosocial behavior. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, this study involved 1833 students in grades 3~6. Assessments utilized the Parent Emotional Warmth subscale from the Revised Parental Child-Rearing Practices Scale (EMBU) by Dongmei Yue et al., the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale developed by Hong Zou et al., and the Prosocial Behavior Tendencies Scale (PTM) revised by Yu Kou et al. Data analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.4 and R 4.3.1 software. Results: 1) The mediation model revealed that parental emotional warmth not only directly predicts prosocial behavior but also indirectly influences it through the partial mediating effect of the teacher-student relationship; 2) Network analysis results indicate that prosocial behavior can be categorized into core dimensions such as emotionality and compliance, as well as peripheral dimensions like publicness and anonymity. Emotionality (“When others are feeling down, I often help them”) and compliance (“When others ask for my help, I assist them without hesitation”) occupied central positions in the network. Conclusion: This study systematically revealed the predictive pathway of “parental emotional warmth → teacher-student relationship → prosocial behavior”, confirming emotionality and compliance as core dimensions of prosocial behavior.