老龄社会中养老保障制度内生调适机制研究

Research on Endogenous Adaptation Mechanisms within Pension Security Systems in Ageing Societies

摘要: 随着人口老龄化程度持续加深，养老保障制度面临的人口基础弱化、需求结构分化与代际关系重塑等问题日益凸显，传统依赖外生扩展的制度调适方式难以有效应对长期累积的结构性压力。围绕老龄社会背景下养老保障制度的运行变迁与内在张力，从制度内生性视角出发，揭示人口结构转型、需求多样化与代际关系演化对制度运行产生的内生约束，提出通过结构优化、激励重塑与协同联动构建制度内生调适机制，是增强养老保障制度可持续性、适应性与公平性的关键路径。

Abstract: As the ageing of the population continues to deepen, issues such as the weakening demographic foundation, the diversification of demand structures, and the reshaping of intergenerational relationships facing the pension security system are becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional approaches to institutional adaptation, which rely on exogenous expansion, struggle to effectively address the long-term accumulated structural pressures. Focusing on the operational evolution and inherent tensions within pension security systems against the backdrop of an ageing society, this study adopts an endogenous institutional perspective. It reveals how demographic transitions, diversifying needs, and evolving intergenerational dynamics impose endogenous constraints on system functioning. It proposes that establishing endogenous adaptive mechanisms through structural optimisation, incentive restructuring, and coordinated synergies represents the key pathway to enhancing the sustainability, adaptability, and fairness of pension security systems.