精神分析视角下成长型人物解读的教学实践路径——以《孤独之旅》杜小康为例

The Teaching Practice Path of Interpreting Growth Figures from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis—Taking Du Xiaokang from “A Solitary Journey” as an Example

摘要: 《义务教育语文课程标准(2022年版)》对学生思维能力与审美创造的培养提出明确要求，而当前《孤独之旅》教学存在解读浅显化、课堂形式化等问题。本文以弗洛伊德精神分析法为理论工具，从核心理论、解读路径、价值导向三个角度论证其与成长型人物解读的耦合性，以故事主人公杜小康的人物解读为案例，从成长关键细节、心理变化轨迹、应对困境策略三方面完成具象化解释，进而构建“聚焦细节–解码心理–构建逻辑–适配教学”的成长型人物解读实践路径，最终实现理论解读与语文教学的有机统一，为语文深度文本教学提供参考，助力学生核心素养的培养。

Abstract: The “Compulsory Education Chinese Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)” has put forward clear requirements for the cultivation of students’ thinking ability and aesthetic creativity. However, the current teaching of “A Solitary Journey” has problems such as simplistic interpretation and formalized classroom teaching. This article takes Freud’s psychoanalytic method as the theoretical tool, and demonstrates its coupling with the interpretation of growth-oriented individuals from three aspects: core theory, interpretation path, and value orientation. Taking the character interpretation of the story’s protagonist, Du Xiaokang, as a case study, it completes a concrete explanation from three aspects: key details of growth, psychological change trajectory, and strategies for dealing with difficulties. Furthermore, a practical path for interpreting growth-oriented figures is constructed, which is “focusing on details-decoding psychology-building logic-adapting to teaching”, ultimately achieving the organic unity of theoretical interpretation and Chinese language teaching. This provides a reference for in-depth text teaching in Chinese and helps cultivate students’ core literacy.