初中立体几何“空间想象能力”的培养困境与解决策略

The Difficulties and Strategies in Cultivating “Spatial Imagination Ability” in Junior High School Solid Geometry

摘要: 空间想象能力是初中数学核心素养的关键构成，立体几何是培育该能力的核心载体。当前教学面临认知断层、内容碎片化、教学范式固化、技术应用浅层、评价导向单一的现实困境。本文基于认知发展理论，深层剖析培养困境的成因，构建“认知支架搭建–教材整合–教学转型–评价重构”四维协同策略，并提出配套保障机制。研究旨在为破解培养瓶颈、提升初中生空间想象能力与数学核心素养提供理论参考。

Abstract: Spatial imagination ability is a key component of core mathematical competencies in junior high school, and solid geometry serves as the core medium for cultivating this ability. Current teaching faces practical challenges such as cognitive discontinuity, fragmented content, rigid teaching paradigms, superficial technology application, and singular evaluation orientation. Based on cognitive development theory, this article deeply analyzes the causes of these cultivation dilemmas, constructs a four-dimensional collaborative strategy of “cognitive scaffolding construction-textbook integration-teaching transformation-evaluation reconstruction,” and proposes supporting mechanisms. The research aims to provide theoretical references for breaking the cultivation bottleneck and enhancing the spatial imagination ability and core mathematical competencies of junior high school students.