护士失志与工作要求–资源、心理脱离的关系研究

A Study on the Relationships between Nurses’ Demoralization, Job Demands-Resources, and Psychological Detachment

摘要: 目的：了解护士失志与工作要求–资源及心理脱离的关系，探讨护士失志的影响因素，为降低临床护士失志水平提供参考。方法：采用一般资料调查表、中文版失志综合征量表II、护士工作要求－资源量表、心理脱离量表对湖北省6个城市、7所三级综合医院的742名临床护士进行调查。结果：83.02%的护士存在失志，中重度失志的护士占37.3%，失志总分(7.42 ± 6.22)分，工作要求总分(41.18 ± 12.63)分，工作资源总分(35.92 ± 7.82)，心理脱离总分(10.92 ± 3.48)，失志与工作资源及心理脱离呈负相关，与工作要求呈正相关(P < 0.05)。分层回归结果显示，控制一般资料后，工作要求、工作资源和心理脱离可解释护士失志17.7%的变异。结论：护士失志发生率较高，护士工作要求、工作资源、心理脱离均处于中等水平。护理管理者应重视护士的失志问题，针对失志的主要影响因素采取有效干预措施，以降低护士的失志水平，促进护士的心理健康。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between demoralization and job demands-resources as well as psychological detachment among nurses, identify influencing factors of demoralization, and provide insights for reducing demoralization levels in clinical nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 clinical nurses from 7 tertiary general hospitals across 6 cities in Hubei Province, China. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, Chinese Version of the Demoralization Syndrome Scale-II, Nurse Job Demands-Resources Scale, and Psychological Detachment Scale. Results: Demoralization was identified in 83.02% of nurses, with 37.3% experiencing moderate-to-severe symptoms. The mean demoralization score was (7.42 ± 6.22). Job demands, job resources, and psychological detachment scores were (41.18 ± 12.63), (35.92 ± 7.82), and (10.92 ± 3.48), respectively. Demoralization showed negative correlations with job resources and psychological detachment, and a positive correlation with job demands (P < 0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that job demands, job resources, and psychological detachment collectively explained 17.7% of the variance in demoralization after adjusting for demographic variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of demoralization among nurses is notably high, with job demands, resources, and psychological detachment at moderate levels. Nursing administrators should prioritize interventions targeting these modifiable factors to mitigate demoralization and enhance nurses’ psychological well-being.