老龄化背景下机器人养老的社会适配性研究——基于扬州市的实证分析

Research on the Social Adaptability of Robotic Elderly Care in the Context of Aging—Based on an Empirical Investigation in Yangzhou City

摘要: 在人口老龄化与智慧技术深度融合的背景下，机器人养老正逐步渗透城市养老场景。本研究以扬州市为样本，综合运用问卷调查、深度访谈与参与式观察等方法，系统考察机器人养老的社会适配性问题。研究发现，当前机器人养老呈现“金字塔式供给”特征，面临技术、文化、服务、伦理、政策五类适配性困境：设计对老年群体的关照不足，需求与技术之间呈现一定脱节；孝亲文化与技术文化之间的张力，易形成“不孝”的舆论压力；服务支持体系尚不健全，部分机器人难以得到有效利用；伦理边界模糊，隐私与责任风险相伴随；价格偏高、标准缺失、保障不足等因素，制约其普惠发展。上述五类困境相互交织，其成因可归结为技术研发错位、文化观念滞后、社会结构碎片化、政策配套不足与市场供给同质化等多重因素的交叠作用。提升适配性，关键在于坚持以老年人为中心，推进技术适老化、文化融合化、服务协同化、伦理规范化与政策精准化。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the deep integration of population aging and smart technologies, robotic elderly care is gradually permeating urban elderly care scenarios. Taking Yangzhou City as a sample, this study systematically investigates the social adaptability of robotic elderly care by comprehensively employing methods such as questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The research reveals that current robotic elderly care exhibits a “pyramidal supply” characteristic and faces five types of adaptability dilemmas: technological, cultural, service-related, ethical, and policy-related. These include a disconnect between the needs of the elderly and technology due to design that is not age-friendly; conflicts between filial piety culture and technological culture, leading to public opinion barriers labeling it “unfilial”; idleness of robots caused by a lack of service support systems; privacy and responsibility risks arising from blurred ethical boundaries; and constraints on inclusive development due to high prices, lack of standards, and insufficient safeguards. These five dilemmas are intertwined and collectively stem from misaligned technological research and development, outdated cultural perceptions, fragmented social structures, inadequate policy support, and homogenized market supply. Enhancing adaptability requires adhering to an elderly-centered approach and promoting age-friendly technology, cultural integration, service collaboration, ethical standardization, and precise policy implementation.