不同种类复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、生理生化及免疫的影响
Effects of Different Kinds of Compound Probiotics on Growth, Physiological Biochemistry and Immunity of Macrobrachium vannamei
DOI: 10.12677/ojfr.2026.131012, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘佳奇, 夏苏东, 张 丹, 雷明荃, 蒋泽昊, 窦 勇：天津农学院天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室，天津；李海鸣：北京科拓恒通生物技术股份有限公司，北京；孙志新：天津市滨海新区农业农村发展服务中心，天津；张守庆*：中科蓝海测试(天津)科技有限公司，天津
关键词: 凡纳滨对虾；益生菌；生长；免疫；Litopenaeus vannamei； Probiotics； Growth； Immunity
摘要: 本文评估了饲料中以干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌为主的不同复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、生理生化及免疫的影响。本研究共设置4个处理组，对照组为基础饲料处理组，其余三组在基础饲料的基础上添加酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌(虾益宝1)、在虾益宝1基础上添加地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(虾益宝1 + 2)及在虾益宝1基础上添加乳酸片球菌和丁酸梭菌(益菌邦1)进行60 d的养殖实验。结果表明，饲料中添加虾益宝1能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾的特定(SGR)生长率(BWG)和增重率并降低饵料系数(FCR) (P < 0.05)。虾益宝1和虾益宝1 + 2可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾血清中葡萄糖(Glu)、低密度蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三脂(TG)和总蛋白(TP)含量以及脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶的活性(P < 0.05)。添加虾益宝1 + 2处理组的超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性达到最高(P < 0.05)。综上所述，饲料中添加虾益宝1可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的营养吸收能力，有利于对虾的生长，饲料中添加虾益宝1 + 2可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化性，提高对虾机体的抗病能力，提高对虾免疫力。本研究提出了复合益生菌作为饲料添加剂在对虾养殖业中的应用潜力，并为实际生产中对虾规模化健康绿色养殖提供理论参考。
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of different compound probiotics, primarily composed of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, on the growth, nutrient metabolism, and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Four dietary treatments were designed: a control group (basal diet), a group supplemented with L. casei and L. plantarum (Xiayibao 1), a group supplemented with L. casei, L. plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis (Xiayibao 1 + 2), and a group supplemented with L. casei, L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Clostridium butyricum (Yijunbang 1) for a 60-day feeding trial. The results showed that dietary supplementation with Probiotic 1 significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and body weight gain (BWG) of shrimp, while reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Both Xiayibao 1 and Xiayibao 1 + 2 significantly enhanced serum glucose (Glu), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total protein (TP) levels, as well as the activities of lipase and pepsin (P < 0.05). Moreover, shrimp in the Xiayibao 1 + 2 group exhibited the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of Xia Yibao 1 to feed significantly enhances nutrient absorption capacity in Macrobrachium vannamei, promoting shrimp growth. The combination of Xia Yibao 1 and 2 in feed markedly improves antioxidant capacity, boosts disease resistance, and strengthens immune function in shrimp. This study demonstrates the application potential of composite probiotics as feed additives in shrimp aquaculture, providing theoretical references for large-scale, healthy, and sustainable shrimp farming practices.
文章引用：刘佳奇, 夏苏东, 张丹, 雷明荃, 蒋泽昊, 窦勇, 李海鸣, 孙志新, 张守庆. 不同种类复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、生理生化及免疫的影响[J]. 水产研究, 2026, 13(1): 95-103. https://doi.org/10.12677/ojfr.2026.131012

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