光催化杀菌技术的机理、影响因素及应用前景研究
Mechanism, Influencing Factors and Application Prospects of Photocatalytic Sterilization Technology
摘要: 光催化杀菌技术凭借杀菌高效、环境安全、抗菌谱广的优势，突破了化学消毒、紫外线照射等传统杀菌手段的局限，成为当下抗菌领域的研究热点。本文以光催化杀菌技术为研究对象，系统阐述了ROS诱导氧化应激、金属离子释放、机械损伤三类核心杀菌机理；分析了TiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3、石墨相氮化碳等典型光催化材料的杀菌性能与光物理、光化学过程；归纳了光催化剂自身特性、光源条件、反应环境、细菌自身属性等影响杀菌效率的关键因素；同时总结了掺杂、贵金属沉积、半导体复合、表面修饰等光催化材料改性方法及改性对杀菌效率的提升作用。
Abstract: Photocatalytic sterilization technology offers advantages such as high sterilization efficiency, environmental safety, and a broad antibacterial spectrum. It overcomes the limitations of traditional sterilization methods, including chemical disinfection and ultraviolet irradiation, and has become a research hotspot in the field of antibacterial technology. This paper focuses on photocatalytic sterilization technology and systematically explains three core sterilization mechanisms: reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, metal ion release, and mechanical damage. Additionally, the bactericidal properties, photophysical characteristics, and photochemical processes of typical photocatalytic materials-such as TiO2, ZnO, Bi2O3, and graphitic carbon nitride-are analyzed. Key factors affecting sterilization efficiency, including photocatalyst characteristics, light source conditions, reaction environment, and bacterial properties, are also summarized. Finally, modification methods for photocatalytic materials-such as doping, precious metal deposition, semiconductor composites, and surface modification-are reviewed, along with their impact on improving sterilization efficiency.
文章引用：李园园, 文文, 王朝林, 张冰雪, 郑昕雨, 曹雅雯, 张竞月, 胡沥心, 黄娅妮, 蒋文明. 光催化杀菌技术的机理、影响因素及应用前景研究[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(3): 178-186. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.163064

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