三维激光扫描辅助下的污水处理站BIM逆向建模

BIM Reverse Modeling of a Wastewater Treatment Plant Assisted by 3D Laser Scanning

摘要: 针对既有的工业设施存在的物理实体与设计信息脱节的普遍现象，本文选取复杂的校园污水处理站作为研究对象，提出了一套基于移动式三维激光扫描的BIM逆向建模的方法。研究详细阐述了从精细化扫描规划、点云融合处理到信息化模型重构的全流程关键技术。结果表明，逆向构建的BIM模型，在实际应用中的碰撞检测与资产盘点等典型运维场景有很高的工程实用价值。该方法不仅可以显著提高数据获取的全面性与建模效率，且相较于传统测量手段，可大幅减少外业数据采集时间，为既有污水处理站的数字化改造与智慧运维提供了高精度的“数字孪生”底座。研究表明了三维激光扫描与BIM技术在工业设施逆向工程中的可靠性与应用价值，对推动水务基础设施的数字化转型具有重要的实践指导意义。

Abstract: Given the widespread issue of disconnect between physical entities and design information in existing industrial facilities, this paper selects a complex campus sewage treatment station as the research object and proposes a BIM reverse modeling method based on mobile 3D laser scanning. The study elaborates on the key technologies involved in the entire process, from refined scanning planning and point cloud fusion processing to the reconstruction of informational models. The results indicate that the reverse-engineered BIM model holds significant practical engineering value in typical operational and maintenance scenarios such as collision detection and asset inventory. This method not only significantly enhances the comprehensiveness of data acquisition and modeling efficiency but also substantially reduces field data collection time. Moreover, compared to traditional measurement approaches, providing a high-precision “digital twin” foundation for the digital transformation and intelligent operation and maintenance of existing sewage treatment stations. The research demonstrates the reliability and application value of 3D laser scanning and BIM technology in the reverse engineering of industrial facilities, providing important practical guidance for promoting the digital transformation of water infrastructure.