“慢就业”视域下高校人才培养模式的能力导向重构

Reconstruction of Competency-Oriented Talent Cultivation Models in Higher Education from the Perspective of “Slow Employment”

摘要: 随着社会经济结构调整与就业市场竞争加剧，大学生“慢就业”现象日益凸显，成为高等教育领域面临的普遍问题。该现象不仅表现为毕业生延迟就业、择业观念多元化，更深层次地折射出高校人才培养模式与社会需求之间的结构性张力。本文在系统梳理“慢就业”研究文献的基础上，引入计划行为理论作为分析框架，将“慢就业”区分为“适应型规划”与“发展型规划”两种理想类型，并深入阐释二者转化的内在机理。进而，研究提出以职业胜任力为核心、以产教融合为实施路径、以学习型支持系统为保障的能力导向型人才培养模式重构方案。通过推动教育理念更新、深化课程体系改革、优化实践教学体系、创新评价机制等举措，促进大学生从“适应型就业规划”向“发展型生涯规划”转变，为实现高等教育高质量发展提供新的思路与参考。

Abstract: With the socio-economic restructuring and intensifying employment competition, the phenomenon of “slow employment” among university students has become increasingly prominent, emerging as a widespread challenge in the field of higher education. This phenomenon not only manifests as graduates delaying employment and diversifying their career choices but also, at a deeper level, reflects the structural tension between the talent cultivation models of higher education institutions and societal needs. Based on a systematic review of the literature on “slow employment”, this study introduces the Theory of Planned Behavior as an analytical framework, categorizing “slow employment” into two ideal types—“adaptive planning” and “developmental planning”—and delves into the internal mechanisms of their transformation. Furthermore, the research proposes a competency-oriented talent cultivation model reconstruction plan, centered on professional competence, implemented through industry-education integration, and supported by a learning-oriented support system. By promoting the renewal of educational philosophies, deepening curriculum system reforms, optimizing practical teaching systems, and innovating evaluation mechanisms, this approach aims to facilitate the transition of university students from “adaptive employment planning” to “developmental career planning”, offering new insights and references for achieving high-quality development in higher education.