来华留学生跨文化适应研究

Research on Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Students in China

摘要: 高等教育国际化背景下，来华留学生跨文化适应是地方高校提升国际化培养质量的核心问题。本研究以沃德跨文化适应双维度理论为框架，聚焦我国东南沿海某二本院校多国来华留学生，采用量表问卷与半结构化访谈结合的混合式研究方法，从心理、社会文化适应维度探究其适应现状、群体差异及核心影响因素。研究发现，该校留学生跨文化适应整体良好，对中国文化与生活环境接纳度较高，但在语言沟通、饮食适配、文化共情及中外学生深度交往上仍存在显著挑战。在华时长与中文水平是影响适应效果的关键变量，宗教信仰、人格特征与校园支持体系也发挥重要作用。基于研究结果，本研究从语言教学、生活服务、文化交流平台及专业化支持体系构建方面提出针对性对策，为地方应用型高校深化高等教育国际化提供实证依据与实践参考。

Abstract: In the context of higher education internationalization, the cross-cultural adaptation of international students in China is a core issue for local universities aiming to enhance the quality of their international education. Framed by Ward’s two-dimensional model of cross-cultural adaptation, this study focuses on a cohort of international students from various countries at a second-tier university in China’s southeastern coastal region. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, this research investigates their adaptation status, group differences, and core influencing factors from the perspectives of psychological and sociocultural adaptation. The findings indicate that the international students at this university demonstrate a generally good level of cross-cultural adaptation, showing a high degree of acceptance towards Chinese culture and the living environment. However, significant challenges persist in areas such as language communication, dietary adaptation, cultural empathy, and the depth of interaction between Chinese and international students. Length of residence in China and Chinese language proficiency are identified as key variables affecting adaptation outcomes, while religious beliefs, personality traits, and the university support system also play significant roles. Based on these findings, this study proposes targeted countermeasures concerning language instruction, living services, cultural exchange platforms, and the development of specialized support systems, thereby providing empirical evidence and practical references for local application-oriented universities to deepen the internationalization of higher education.