无乳链球菌疫苗研发进展与临床应用前景
Group B Streptococcus Vaccines: Progress and Clinical Application Prospects
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1641220, PDF,   
作者: 王 敏：重庆医科大学附属儿童医院，重庆；洪思琦*：重庆医科大学附属儿童医院神经内科，重庆
关键词: B族链球菌；疫苗；母体免疫；新生儿感染；Group B Streptococcus； Vaccine； Maternal Immunization； Neonatal Infection
摘要: B族链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS)是导致新生儿重症感染(败血症、脑膜炎等)的重要病原，全球疾病负担重。妊娠期妇女接种疫苗，通过母源抗体经胎盘转运为新生儿提供被动免疫，是重要防控方向。GBS疫苗研发分三类：基于荚膜多糖的多价结合疫苗、基于保守蛋白的广谱亚单位疫苗，基于新型抗原呈递系统的创新疫苗。辉瑞GBS6与我国6vGBS六价结合疫苗覆盖约98%致病血清型，均已进入临床研究阶段；保守蛋白疫苗可应对血清型替换；病毒样颗粒疫苗诱导的IgG抗体可经胎盘转运，为研发单剂次疫苗提供了新方向。目前面临保护性抗体阈值未明、免疫窗口待验证、临床试验困难等挑战。未来需聚焦广谱抗原筛选、技术优化及标准化评价，加速临床转化。
Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of severe neonatal infections, including sepsis and meningitis, imposing a substantial global burden. Maternal immunization, which provides passive immunity to neonates through transplacental transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies, represents a key strategy for GBS prevention. Current GBS vaccine development encompasses three main approaches: multivalent conjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides, broad-spectrum subunit vaccines targeting conserved proteins, and innovative vaccines utilizing novel antigen delivery systems. Pfizer’s GBS6 and China’s domestically developed 6vGBS hexavalent conjugate vaccines, covering approximately 98% of disease-causing serotypes, have both advanced into clinical trials. Conserved protein vaccines offer a strategy to address potential serotype replacement, while virus-like particle vaccines induce IgG antibodies capable of placental transfer, providing a new direction for the development of single-dose vaccines. Key challenges include undefined protective antibody thresholds, the need to determine optimal immunization timing, and difficulties in conducting large-scale efficacy trials. Future efforts should focus on identifying broadly protective antigens, optimizing vaccine technologies, and establishing standardized immunobridging frameworks to accelerate clinical translation.
文章引用：王敏, 洪思琦. 无乳链球菌疫苗研发进展与临床应用前景[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(4): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1641220

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