道路交通损害赔偿纠纷审前中立评估的建构

Construction of Pretrial Neutral Evaluation for Road Traffic Damage Compensation Disputes

摘要: 道交纠纷中的博弈本质是信息不对称引发的利益失衡，道德风险与逆向选择推高了纠纷解决成本、损害了保险机制的公平性，而中立评估机制的核心价值正在于通过专业介入填补信息鸿沟，为各方提供客观的损失评估与权利义务预判，从源头遏制机会主义行为，实现纠纷的理性化解。结合域外经验、国内规范体系支撑与本土实践沉淀，从建构基础出发，对审前中立评估的程序开启、评估报告效力及与其他解纷机制的衔接展开规范设计，旨在通过系统化建构审前中立评估机制，破解道交纠纷解纷效率低、专业争议频发的困境。

Abstract: The core issue in traffic accident disputes is the imbalance of interests caused by information asymmetry. Moral hazard and adverse selection inflate dispute resolution costs and undermine the fairness of insurance mechanisms. The core value of the pre-trial neutral assessment lies in bridging the information gap through professional intervention, providing objective loss assessments and preliminary determinations of rights and obligations for all parties. This approach curbs opportunistic behavior at its source and facilitates rational dispute resolution. Based on foreign experience, domestic regulatory framework support, and local practice accumulation, starting from the construction foundation, this paper conducts normative design on the initiation of the pre-trial neutral assessment procedure, the validity of the assessment report, and its connection with other dispute resolution mechanisms, aiming to systematically construct the pre-trial neutral assessment mechanism and solve the problems of low dispute resolution efficiency and frequent professional disputes in traffic accident disputes.