半主动变刚度吸振器设计及减振机理研究

Design and Vibration Reduction Mechanism of a Semi-Active Variable Stiffness Dynamic Vibration Absorber

摘要: 传统吸振器的参数固定，在多频段振动环境中吸振效果不佳。为此，文章提出了一种半主动变刚度吸振器，通过调节变刚度弹簧的有效圈数来改变吸振器的刚度和固有频率，并对该变刚度机构进行了理论验证。进一步提出了一种自适应控制算法，通过识别外部激励频率，调节吸振器在该频率下的刚度，使其达到最优。最后，利用数值仿真法，对传统吸振器和半主动吸振器的减振效果进行对比分析，从理论上验证了半主动吸振器减振性能的可行性。

Abstract: The parameters of traditional vibration absorbers are fixed, resulting in poor vibration absorption performance in multi-frequency vibration environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a semi-active variable-stiffness vibration absorber, which changes the stiffness and natural frequency of the absorber by adjusting the effective turns of the variable-stiffness spring. The variable-stiffness mechanism is validated through theoretical analysis. An adaptive control algorithm is proposed, which adjusts the absorber’s stiffness at the identified external excitation frequency to achieve optimal performance. Finally, numerical simulations are used to compare the vibration reduction effects of traditional absorbers and semi-active absorbers, theoretically verifying the feasibility of the semi-active absorber.