中医药治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症的研究进展

Advances in the Treatment of Simple Obesity in Children with Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 儿童单纯性肥胖症发病率逐年上升，病因尚不明确，临床发现本病多伴随糖脂代谢异常，归属于中医学“肥”“膏”“脂”范畴。该病基本病机为本虚标实，以脾胃为本虚，以痰湿为标实，涉及肝、肾。内治法以参苓白术散健脾益气、半夏泻心汤调和脾胃、温胆汤理气化痰、四苓散利水渗湿为主；外治法涵盖针刺、揿针、埋针联合耳穴压豆等技术等；中医康复护理强调个体化综合干预，手段丰富、疗效显著。本文对近5年中医药治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症的研究进行文献综述，以明晰该病最新的病因病机、中药方剂、机制进展等，进而完善该病的中医药诊疗体系。

Abstract: The incidence rate of simple obesity in children has been increasing year by year, yet its etiology remains unclear. Clinically, this condition is often accompanied by disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism and falls within the categories of “Fei” (fat), “Gao” (adipose), and “Zhi” (lipid) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The fundamental pathogenesis is root deficiency and branch excess, with the spleen and stomach being the primary site of root deficiency and phlegm-dampness constituting the branch excess, while also involving the liver and kidney. Internal therapies mainly include Shenling Baizhu Powder (fortifying the spleen and replenishing qi), Banxia Xiexin Decoction (harmonizing the spleen and stomach), Wendan Decoction (regulating qi and transforming phlegm), and Siling Powder (promoting diuresis and excreting dampness). External therapies encompass acupuncture, press needles, embedding needles combined with auricular point pressing, among others. TCM rehabilitation nursing emphasizes individualized comprehensive interventions, offering diverse modalities with significant therapeutic effects. This article provides a literature review of studies on TCM treatment of simple obesity in children over the past five years, aiming to clarify the latest understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis, herbal formulas, and mechanistic advances, thereby improving the TCM diagnostic and therapeutic system for this disease.