青岛市城区6~12岁学龄期儿童近视的相关因素分析

Analysis of Related Factors for Myopia among School-Aged Children Aged 6~12 Years in Urban Qingdao

摘要: 目的：探讨青岛市6~12岁小学生近视与生活方式、人口学特征的相关性，为早期保护儿童视力提供可参考的依据。方法：2023年9月~11月采用问卷调查的方法，随机整群抽样调查青岛市城区3041名6~12岁学龄期儿童及其家长，数据分析组间比较选择χ²检验，近视的影响因素分析采用Logistic回归分析方法。结果：多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，患儿年龄越大(OR值1.447)、为独生子女(OR值1.305)、家庭收入越高(低、中、高) (OR值1.324、1.425)、不睡午觉(OR值2.057)，为近视的危险因素，不挑食(OR值0.674)，为近视的保护性因素。结论：6~12岁小学生近视与生活方式、人口学特征均具有相关性，对于有高危人口学特征的儿童要关注其睡眠、饮食等情况，对预防儿童近视具有重要的临床意义。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between myopia and lifestyle, demographic characteristics among primary school students aged 6~12 years in Qingdao, so as to provide a reference basis for early childhood visual protection. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3041 randomly cluster-sampled school-aged children aged 6~12 years and their parents in urban Qingdao from September to November 2023. The chi-square test was used for inter-group comparison of data, and Logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify the influencing factors of myopia. Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.447), being an only child (OR = 1.305), higher family income (low, medium, high; OR = 1.324, 1.425 respectively) and no afternoon nap (OR = 2.057) were risk factors for myopia. Non-picky eating was a protective factor against myopia (OR = 0. 674). Conclusion: Myopia in primary school students aged 6~12 years is correlated with both lifestyle and demographic characteristics. For children with high-risk demographic features, attention should be paid to their sleep, diet and other conditions, which is of great clinical significance for the prevention of childhood myopia.