治疗儿童幽门螺旋杆菌感染的现状及进展

Current Status and Progress in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children

摘要: 幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, Hp)是一种定植在胃内的革兰氏阴性菌，为世界卫生组织认定的I类致癌原，研究发现儿童是Hp感染的高危人群，且该疾病是一种传染性疾病，感染多发生在儿童期且呈明显家庭聚集性。若出现相关消化系统症状未及时规范干预，将影响儿童生长发育以及提高其他胃部疾病的患病风险。目前儿童Hp感染的诊疗已形成以指南为核心的规范体系，但抗生素耐药性升高、根除率下降、依从性差等问题仍为临床难点。本文从儿童Hp感染的诊疗现状、治疗面临的核心挑战、临床研究的进展、以及未来诊疗方向展开综述，以期为儿童Hp感染的临床治疗和未来研究提供参考。

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the stomach and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Studies have identified children as a high-risk population for Hp infection, and this disease is a contagious condition that predominantly occurs during childhood with significant familial clustering. Failure to provide timely and standardized intervention for related digestive symptoms may impair children’s growth and development and increase the risk of other gastric diseases. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Hp infection have established a guideline-based standardized system. However, challenges such as rising antibiotic resistance, declining eradication rates, and poor compliance remain clinical difficulties. This article reviews the current status of diagnosis and treatment for pediatric Hp infection, the core challenges in treatment, advances in clinical research, and future directions, aiming to provide references for clinical management and future research on pediatric Hp infection.