DNA纳米花在疾病诊断中的应用研究进展
Research Progress on the Application of DNA Nanoflowers in Disease Diagnosis
DOI: 10.12677/nat.2026.162002, PDF,   
作者: 余娇娇：重庆医科大学检验医学院，重庆；李小松*：重庆医科大学附属第一医院，临床分子医学检测中心，临床检验诊断学教育部重点实验室，重庆；西部数智医疗研究院，重庆
关键词: DNA纳米花；疾病诊断；生物传感；肿瘤标志物；病原体检测；DNA Nanoflowers； Disease Diagnosis； Biosensing； Tumor Markers； Pathogen Detection
摘要: DNA纳米花(DNA Nanoflowers, DNFs)作为滚环扩增介导自组装的新型三维纳米材料，凭借其高负载能力、良好生物相容性与高度可编程性，成为突破传统诊断技术瓶颈的重要工具。本文综述了DNFs的合成原理与关键调控因素，重点阐述其在疾病诊断中的应用进展。在肿瘤诊断领域，可实现BRCA1基因、CEA等标志物的高灵敏检测，并在液体活检中高效分离识别肿瘤细胞、外泌体及相关miRNA；在病原体检测中，与CRISPR、等温扩增等技术联用，实现乙肝、新冠等病毒及金黄色葡萄球菌、黄曲霉毒素B1等的超灵敏、多重检测；同时在糖尿病、肾损伤等疾病标志物检测中展现出优异性能。此外，本文还剖析了其在体内稳定性、规模化制备及临床转化方面的核心瓶颈，并从材料优化、技术融合与应用场景拓展三方面，展望了其未来发展方向与临床转化潜力。
Abstract: DNA nanoflowers (DNFs) are a new type of three-dimensional nanomaterial that self-assembles through rolling circle amplification. With high loading capacity, good biocompatibility, and high programmability, they have become a core tool for breaking through the bottlenecks of traditional diagnostic technologies. This article reviews the synthesis principles and key regulatory factors of DNFs, and focuses on their application progress in disease diagnosis. In the field of tumor diagnosis, they can achieve high-sensitivity detection of biomarkers such as BRCA1 genes and CEA, and efficiently separate and identify circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and related miRNAs in liquid biopsy; in pathogen detection, when combined with CRISPR, isothermal amplification, etc., they can achieve ultra-sensitive and multiplex detection of viruses such as hepatitis B and COVID-19, and bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and aflatoxin B1; at the same time, they show excellent performance in the detection of disease markers such as diabetes and kidney injury. In addition, this article also analyzes the core bottlenecks in in vivo stability, large-scale preparation, and clinical transformation of DNFs, and from three aspects of material optimization, technology integration, and application scope expansion, looks forward to its future development direction and clinical transformation potential.
文章引用：余娇娇, 李小松. DNA纳米花在疾病诊断中的应用研究进展[J]. 纳米技术, 2026, 16(2): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.12677/nat.2026.162002

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