对虚拟年轻化身的具身感促进老年人的情景记忆
The Embodied Sense of Virtual Young Avatars Promotes the Episodic Memory of the Elderly
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.164169, PDF,   
作者: 吴玉雪, 麻 珂：西南大学心理学部虚拟现实实验室，重庆
关键词: 虚拟现实；具身感；情绪；情景记忆；Virtual Reality； Embodied Sense； Emotional Valence； Episodic Memory
摘要: 随着年龄的增长，老年人的认知功能出现了一定的减退，其中，情景记忆衰退最为明显。而根据前人研究，借助虚拟现实技术，使老年人具身地拥有虚拟的年轻化身，所诱发的普罗透斯效应，或许可以促进老年人的情景记忆任务表现。本研究通过两个实验，实验一通过操纵具身感和情绪效价，探讨了不同具身感程度对老年人的不同情绪效价的情景记忆的影响。结果发现：以项目记忆各指标做因变量时，具身感和情绪效价的主效应显著，交互作用显著；而以来源记忆正确率作为因变量时，具身感主效应显著。实验二通过在情景记忆任务的编码或提取阶段增加干扰，探究了编码与提取干扰对老年人情景记忆任务表现的影响。结果表明，提取阶段干扰对老年情景记忆任务表现的破坏作用显著大于编码干扰。本研究指出，具身感和情绪效价可以改善老年人的情景记忆，而且具身感对记忆的促进作用主要是发生在提取阶段。
Abstract: With the aging of the elderly, cognitive functions in the elderly experience certain declines, among which the deterioration of situational memory is most pronounced. According to previous research, the use of virtual reality technology to enable elderly individuals to physically possess virtual young avatars may induce the Proteus effect, potentially enhancing their performance in situational memory tasks. This study conducted two experiments. The first experiment manipulated possession and emotional valence to explore the impact of different levels of embodied sense on episodic memory with varying emotional valence in the elderly. The results showed that the main effect of ownership and emotional valence were significant, and the interaction effect was significant when the project memory indexes were used as dependent variables, while the main effect of ownership was significant when the source memory accuracy was used as dependent variables. The second experiment added interference to episodic memory tasks during the encoding or retrieval phases of the task to explore the effects of encoding and retrieval interference on the performance of the elderly. The results showed that interference during retrieval had a significantly greater detrimental effect on the performance of the elderly on episodic memory tasks than interference during encoding. This study showed that possession and emotional valence could improve the performance of the elderly in the situation memory test, and the influence of the situation memory performance was more significant under the interference of retrieval.
文章引用：吴玉雪, 麻珂 (2026). 对虚拟年轻化身的具身感促进老年人的情景记忆. 心理学进展, 16(4), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.164169

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