跨期决策中的个体差异：人格、认知能力与自控力的影响
Individual Differences in Intertemporal Choice: Effects of Personality, Cognitive Abilities, and Self-Control
摘要: 近年来，对跨期决策影响因素的探讨日益成为一种新的研究趋势。跨期决策是指在不同时间点的结果之间进行权衡的决策过程，涉及眼前利益与未来利益之间的取舍，对个体和社会经济都有重要影响。本研究从人格、认知、自控力三个角度出发，旨在探讨人格特质(如冲动性、自律性)、认知能力(包括智力和时间思维)以及自控力如何影响个体在即时满足与延迟奖励之间的权衡。通过文献分析与总结，本研究将为跨期决策领域的理论发展提出新见解。此外，对个体差异因素的理解有利于促进个体做出更合理的长期目标的决策，对改善金融规划、健康行为、自我控制等方面具有重要的应用价值。近年来，跨期决策领域的研究取得了阶段性进展，但仍面临一些尚待解决的问题与挑战。本研究还将从理论、方法、研究技术等角度出发，提出关于跨期决策未来研究方向的建议。
Abstract: In recent years, the exploration of factors influencing intertemporal choice has increasingly become a new research trend. Intertemporal choice refers to the decision-making process involving trade-offs between outcomes at different time points, encompassing the trade-off between immediate benefits and future benefits, which has significant implications for both individual and socio-economic outcomes. This study, from the perspectives of personality, cognition, and self-control, aims to investigate how personality traits (such as impulsivity, self-discipline), cognitive abilities (including intelligence and time perspective), and self-control influence individuals’ trade-offs between immediate gratification and delayed rewards. Through literature analysis and synthesis, this study will propose new insights for theoretical development in the field of intertemporal choice. Furthermore, understanding individual difference factors is conducive to promoting individuals to make more rational decisions aligned with long-term goals, holding significant applied value for improving financial planning, health behaviors, self-control, and other aspects. In recent years, research in the domain of intertemporal choice has achieved phased progress, yet it still faces some unresolved issues and challenges. This study will also put forward suggestions for future research directions in intertemporal choice, considering perspectives such as theory, methodology, and research techniques.
文章引用：王可极, 吴燕 (2026). 跨期决策中的个体差异：人格、认知能力与自控力的影响. 心理学进展, 16(4), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.164170

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