极端环境下温拌沥青混合料的水稳定性研究

Study on the Water Stability of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures under Extreme Conditions

摘要: 为解决高海拔、沿海、高寒等特殊区域极端环境下温拌沥青路面水稳定性不足、易早期损坏的问题，本文以强降雨、反复冻融循环(>10次)、海水侵蚀及盐冻耦合为研究背景，选取普通温拌、橡胶粉改性及纤维改性沥青混合料为研究对象，通过室内试验模拟极端工况，测试冻融劈裂强度比(TSR)、残留稳定度及动态稳定度等指标，分析水稳定性衰减规律并对比不同改性方式的提升效果。结果表明：在各类极端环境作用下，三种混合料水稳定性均呈持续下降趋势，其中盐冻耦合工况劣化作用最为突出；30次冻融循环后，普通温拌混合料TSR值降至62.3%，未满足规范要求；橡胶粉及纤维改性均可改善抗水损害能力，其中橡胶粉改性提升效果更为明显，在30次冻融循环与海水侵蚀耦合工况下，各项指标较普通温拌提升34.3%~45.8%。研究结果可为极端环境地区温拌沥青路面结构设计与材料选型提供技术参考。

Abstract: To address the insufficient water stability and early deterioration of warm-mix asphalt pavements in extreme environments such as high-altitude and cold regions and coastal areas, this study investigated heavy rainfall, repeated freeze-thaw cycles (>10 times), seawater erosion, and salt-freeze coupling conditions. Ordinary warm-mix, rubber powder modified, and fiber modified asphalt mixtures were evaluated through laboratory simulations. Key indicators including TSR, residual stability, and dynamic stability were tested to reveal the deterioration patterns and quantify the improvement effects of different modification methods. Results indicate that water stability continuously decreases under extreme conditions, with salt-freeze coupling exhibiting the most severe deterioration. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the TSR value of ordinary warm-mix mixtures decreased to 62.3%, failing to meet specification requirements. Both rubber powder and fiber modifications improved water resistance, among which rubber powder modification showed superior enhancement, increasing performance indices by 34.3%~45.8% under combined freeze-thaw and seawater conditions. The findings provide technical support for material selection and structural design of warm-mix asphalt pavements in extreme environments.