中澳能源法律制度比较研究——以应对气候变化为视角

A Comparative Study of Energy Legal Systems between China and Australia—From the Perspective of Addressing Climate Change

摘要: 在全球气候变化严峻的背景下，能源法律制度对能源转型和可持续发展至关重要。中国和澳大利亚作为重要经济体，其能源法律制度影响深远。中国已取得一定成效，出台诸多法律且积极参与国际合作，但存在法律体系不协调、缺乏专门法、市场管理制度不完备等问题。澳大利亚法律框架完善、减排目标明确、市场机制灵活且能效标准和碳排放标识体系完善，但也有对化石燃料依赖、市场改革不到位等不足。中国可借鉴澳大利亚经验，构建专项立法框架、优化市场机制、完善碳排放标识体系、加强能源结构法治保障，以推动绿色低碳发展，实现生态文明建设目标，同时也为全球能源法律制度建设提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of severe global climate change, the energy legal system is of vital importance to energy transition and sustainable development. As significant economies, China and Australia have far-reaching energy legal systems. China has achieved certain results, introducing numerous laws and actively participating in international cooperation. However, there exist problems such as an uncoordinated legal system, the lack of specialized laws, and incomplete market management systems. Australia has a well-developed legal framework, clear emission reduction targets, flexible market mechanisms, and a complete energy efficiency standard and carbon emission labeling system. However, it also has shortcomings such as a heavy reliance on fossil fuels and inadequate market reforms. China can draw on Australia’s experience to build a specialized legislative framework, optimize market mechanisms, improve the carbon emission labeling system, and strengthen legal guarantees for the energy structure, so as to promote green and low-carbon development, achieve the goal of ecological civilization construction, and also provide references for the global energy legal system construction.