基于专利文本挖掘的健康建筑技术主题识别分析

Topic Identification and Analysis of Healthy Building Technology Based on Patent Text Mining

摘要: 目的/意义：随着“健康中国”战略和建筑高质量发展要求的不断推进，健康建筑已成为建筑领域的重要研究方向。通过对专利摘要文本进行文本挖掘，能够系统地识别健康建筑领域的技术主题，为中国健康建筑技术布局与产业发展提供数据支撑和方法参考。方法/过程：首先，基于《健康建筑评价标准》(T/ASC 02-2021)构建健康建筑专利检索体系，通过国家知识产权局专利检索与分析系统获取专利数据，并采用Jieba分词、停用词表与词典优化方法对筛选后的专利数据进行摘要文本的预处理；其次，在人工标注训练集的基础上构建多分类模型，实现健康建筑技术类别的自动识别；最后，运用LDA主题模型，对健康建筑专利数据进行分类别的技术主题识别，揭示中国健康建筑领域的技术主题分布情况。结果/结论：研究结果表明：(1) 空气与热环境相关技术在健康建筑专利中占据主导地位，反映出建筑的空气质量与热舒适是人们对健康建筑的核心关注点；(2) 监测技术在各类别中广泛存在，体现出针对建筑环境进行持续监测是实现健康建筑的重要技术路径。

Abstract: Objective/Significance: With the continuous advancement of the “Healthy China” strategy and the requirements for high-quality development in the construction industry, healthy buildings have become an important research direction in the field of architecture. By conducting text mining on patent abstracts, it is possible to systematically identify the technical themes in the field of healthy buildings, providing data support and methodological references for the technological layout and industrial development of healthy buildings in China. Method/Process: Firstly, a patent search system for healthy buildings was constructed based on the “Standard for Evaluation of Healthy Buildings” (T/ASC 02-2021), and patent data was obtained through the National Intellectual Property Administration’s patent search and analysis system. The abstracts of the selected patent data were preprocessed using Jieba word segmentation, stopword lists, and dictionary optimization methods. Secondly, a multi-classification model was built based on a manually labeled training set to automatically identify the technical categories of healthy buildings. Finally, the LDA topic model was applied to classify and identify the technical themes of healthy building patents, revealing the distribution of technical themes in the field of healthy buildings in China. Result/Conclusion: The research results show that: (1) Technologies related to air and thermal environment dominate in healthy building patents, indicating that air quality and thermal comfort in buildings are the core concerns of people regarding healthy buildings; (2) Monitoring technologies are widely present in various categories, demonstrating that continuous monitoring of the building environment is an important technical path to achieving healthy buildings.