黔南州因地制宜发展现代山地特色高效农业研究

A Study on Developing Modern Mountainous Characteristic and Efficient Agriculture in Qiannan Prefecture Based on Local Conditions

摘要: 黔南州为典型喀斯特山区，农业长期受“地碎、水少、坡陡”自然约束与“人散、技弱、链短”结构性矛盾制约。本文基于山地农业区位理论与资源禀赋理论，系统分析现代山地特色高效农业发展条件与现实困境。黔南州依托气候与特色物种资源，在茶叶、刺梨、水果等产业形成比较优势，但仍存在观念滞后、农技推广受阻、耕地细碎、基建残缺、人才短缺等深层矛盾。需从经营主体、耕地整合、政策传导、基建完善、科技人才引育五维度协同发力，推动山地农业由“资源依赖”向“价值创造”跃升，构建喀斯特特色农业现代化路径。

Abstract: Qiannan Prefecture is a typical Karst mountainous area, where agricultural development has long been constrained by natural limitations of “fragmented land, water scarcity, and steep slopes” and structural contradictions of “dispersed farmers, weak technical capacity, and fragmented supply chains”. Based on the theories of mountain agriculture location and resource endowment, this paper systematically analyzes the development conditions and practical challenges of modern, efficient, and distinctive mountain agriculture. While Qiannan has cultivated comparative advantages in industries such as tea, roxburgh rose, and fruit crops by leveraging its climatic and unique species resources, deep-seated issues persist, including outdated mindsets, impediments to agricultural technology extension, fragmented farmland, inadequate infrastructure, and talent shortages. It is essential to foster coordinated efforts across five dimensions: nurturing agricultural business entities, consolidating farmland, improving policy implementation, enhancing infrastructure, and introducing as well as cultivating scientific and technical talent. This will drive the transition of mountain agriculture from “resource dependence” to “value creation”, thereby constructing a modernization pathway for distinctive agriculture in Karst regions.