RCEP框架下原产地规则的适用困境与优化路径研究

A Study on the Application Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Rules of Origin under the RCEP Framework

摘要: 区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)的生效为亚太区域跨境电商发展赋予贸易创造效应，其区域累积原产地规则、自主声明制度等创新设计，成为降低区域内贸易成本、优化供应链布局的核心支撑。本文以制度合法性理论为核心，融合交易成本理论与技术接受模型(TAM)，构建“合法性为核心、成本为约束、技术为工具”的整合分析框架，结合跨境电商小额化、高频化、碎片化的交易特征，系统剖析RCEP原产地规则在跨境电商场景中面临的规制合法性模糊、规范合法性不足、认知合法性薄弱三重困境。研究发现，规则适用困境的本质是制度供给与跨境电商贸易场景的合法性错配，具体表现为规则利用率低、合规成本高、认定争议多、数字化适配不足四大现实问题，且三重合法性缺失与交易成本、技术适配形成负向传导效应。基于理论逻辑与实践需求，本文从规则完善、行业规范、认知普及、数字赋能四个维度，提出修复合法性、降低合规成本、提升技术适配性的优化路径，为跨境电商企业适配RCEP规则、完善区域数字贸易规则体系提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: The entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has endowed the development of cross-border e-commerce in the Asia-Pacific region with institutional dividends. Its innovative designs such as regional cumulative rules of origin and self-declaration system have become the core support for reducing intra-regional trade costs and optimizing supply chain layout. Taking the Institutional Legitimacy Theory as the core, this paper integrates the Transaction Cost Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to construct an integrated analytical framework of “legitimacy as the core, cost as the constraint, and technology as the tool”. Combined with the transaction characteristics of small-sum, high-frequency and fragmented cross-border e-commerce, it systematically analyzes the three dilemmas of vague regulatory legitimacy, insufficient normative legitimacy and weak cognitive legitimacy faced by the RCEP rules of origin in cross-border e-commerce scenarios. The study finds that the essence of the rule application dilemma is the legitimacy mismatch between institutional supply and cross-border e-commerce trade scenarios, which is specifically reflected in four practical problems: low rule utilization rate, high compliance costs, frequent identification disputes and inadequate digital adaptation. Moreover, the lack of triple legitimacy forms a negative transmission effect with transaction costs and technological adaptation. Based on theoretical logic and practical needs, this paper puts forward optimization paths to restore legitimacy, reduce compliance costs and improve technological adaptability from four dimensions: rule improvement, industry standardization, cognitive popularization and digital empowerment, so as to provide theoretical support and practical reference for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to adapt to the RCEP rules and improve the regional digital trade rule system.