探讨通脉刺五加胶囊治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的研究

Research on the Treatment of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease with Tongmai Ciwujia Capsules

摘要: 目的：探讨通脉刺五加胶囊干预冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的调控机制。方法：本研究通过网络药理学预测通脉刺五加胶囊在冠心病治疗中的潜在靶点及富集通路，并运用Biacore技术检测TGF-β1与通脉刺五加胶囊水溶液的结合能力。将140只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为7组，每组20只：空白组、模型组、通脉刺五加胶囊低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、芪苈强心胶囊组及阿托伐他汀组。除空白组外，其余组构建冠心病模型并给药4周。取材前监测各组大鼠心电图中ST段的变化；采用ELISA监测血清中LDL-C、TG和TC的水平；HE观察病理学变化；免疫组化检测主动脉TGF-β1蛋白表达；PCR实验检测各组主动脉血管中TGF-β1mRNA表达；WB (Western blot)实验检测各组主动脉血管中TGF-β1的蛋白表达含量。结果：网络药理学分析确定TGF-β1为关键靶点，Biacore实验证实该因子与通脉刺五加具有良好的结合特性。ELISA检测显示，与模型组相比，各给药组中LDL-C、TG、TC的含量显著降低；HE染色显示，各给药组粥样斑块及胶原纤维增生逐渐减少；免疫组化、PCR及WB结果均显示，各给药组主动脉TGF-β1蛋白及mRNA表达水平较模型组显著降低。结论：本研究初步表明，通脉刺五加胶囊可能通过抑制TGF-β1因子，调节血脂代谢和改善主动脉病理变化，从而发挥抗冠心病作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of Tongmai Ciwujia Capsule in the intervention of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Methods: This study predicted potential targets and enriched pathways of Tongmai Ciwujia Capsule in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) through network pharmacology. The binding ability between TGF-β1 and the aqueous solution of Tongmai Ciwujia Capsule was detected using Biacore technology. A total of 140 SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 20 per group) using the random number table method: blank group, model group, low-dose Tongmai Ciwujia Capsules group, medium-dose Tongmai Ciwujia Capsules group, high-dose Tongmai Ciwujia Capsules group, Qili Qiangxin Capsule group, and atorvastatin group. Except for the blank group, CHD models were established in the rats, and treatments were administered for 4 weeks. Before sample collection, changes in the ST segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored in each group. The levels of LDL-C, TG, and TC in serum were measured by ELISA. Pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expression of TGF-β1 protein in the aorta was detected using immunohistochemistry. PCR was performed to measure TGF-β1 mRNA expression in cardiac tissues of each group, while Western blot (WB) was used to determine TGF-β1 protein expression levels in cardiac tissues. Results: Network pharmacological analysis identified TGF-β1 as the key target. Biacore experiments confirmed that this factor exhibited favorable binding characteristics with Tongmai Ci Wu Jia. The ELISA assay showed that compared with the model group, LDL-C levels were significantly reduced in all groups compared with the model group. HE staining revealed that atherosclerotic plaques and collagen fiber proliferation gradually decreased in all treatment groups compared with the model group. Immunohistochemistry, PCR, and WB results all demonstrated that aortic TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expression levels in all drug administration groups were significantly lower than those in the model group. Conclusion: This study preliminarily indicates that Tongmai Acanthopanax Capsules may exert anti-coronary heart disease effects by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, regulating blood lipid metabolism, and improving aortic pathological changes.