复杂电磁干扰环境下频谱感知无人机集群的高效自适应信道交会方案设计与分析

Design and Analysis of an Efficient Adaptive Channel Rendezvous Scheme for Spectrum-Aware UAV Swarms in Complex Electromagnetic Interference Environments

摘要: 在现代复杂电磁环境中，复杂电磁干扰对频谱感知无人机集群的信道交会构成了严峻挑战。为此，本文提出了一种面向频谱感知无人机集群的高效自适应信道交会设计方案，以应对复杂干扰环境。该方案首先提出低干扰信道扩展的预处理机制，提高低干扰信道的访问频次；接着，设计了一种自适应交会算法，该算法采用跳频–等待双模式生成序列以实现两两交会，并结合信息交换协作机制，引导集群同步切换至全局公共信道，从而大幅提高多机交会效率。理论分析证明，该算法存在确定的最大交会时间，且在多无人机集群场景下能够保证交会的确定性和高效性。仿真结果表明，所提算法在最大交会时间、平均交会时间以及系统能耗方面均显著优于现有方法，为频谱感知无人机集群的可靠通信提供了有效路径。

Abstract: In modern complex electromagnetic environments, complex electromagnetic interference poses severe challenges to the channel rendezvous of spectrum-aware unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. To address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient adaptive channel rendezvous design scheme for spectrum-aware UAV swarms to cope with complex interference environments. First, the scheme puts forward a preprocessing mechanism for low-interference channel expansion to increase the access frequency of low-interference channels. On this basis, an adaptive rendezvous algorithm is designed. The algorithm adopts a frequency hopping-waiting dual-mode sequence generation strategy to achieve pairwise rendezvous, and is combined with a cooperative information exchange mechanism to guide the swarm to synchronously switch to the global common channel, thus greatly improving the rendezvous efficiency of multi-UAV systems. Theoretical analysis proves that the proposed algorithm has a deterministic maximum time-to-rendezvous (MTTR), and can guarantee the determinacy and high efficiency of rendezvous in multi-UAV swarm scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of maximum time-to-rendezvous, average time-to-rendezvous (ATTR) and system energy consumption, which provides an effective approach for reliable communication of spectrum-aware UAV swarms.