静脉血栓栓塞症症状群的研究进展
Research Progress on Symptom Clusters in Venous Thromboembolism
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2026.154109, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 陈宝夷：吉首大学医学院，湖南 吉首；张家界市人民医院血管介入外科，湖南 张家界；邢业英：张家界市人民医院血管介入外科，湖南 张家界；李金秀*：吉首大学医学院，湖南 吉首
关键词: 静脉血栓栓塞症；症状群；研究进展；Venous Thromboembolism； Symptom Cluster； Research Progress
摘要: 静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的临床症状常以相互关联的组合(症状群)形式出现，但其作为一个明确的理论概念尚未在VTE领域得到系统界定。本综述旨在梳理VTE症状群的研究进展。文章首先探讨了VTE症状群基于Virchow三联征的病理生理关联，指出其特异性根植于血管阻塞、炎症反应及血流动力学障碍。进而，系统解析了从急性深静脉血栓形成、急性肺栓塞，到血栓形成后综合征及慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压等不同阶段核心症状群的临床表现、异质性及研究进展。同时，综述了目前用于VTE风险预测、临床诊断和后遗症评估的各类工具(如Caprini、Wells、Villalta评分等)，并指出缺乏症状群专用评估工具的现状。最后，总结了该领域在概念标准化、机制探索和管理策略方面的不足，展望了未来研究方向，以期为推动VTE的精准与整体性管理提供参考。
Abstract: The clinical symptoms of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) often manifest as interrelated combinations (symptom clusters). However, symptom clusters have not been systematically defined as a clear theoretical concept within the field of VTE. This review aims to synthesize the research progress on symptom clusters in VTE. The article first explores the pathophysiological basis of VTE symptom clusters grounded in Virchow’s triad, noting that their specific characteristics are rooted in vascular obstruction, inflammatory response, and hemodynamic impairment. Subsequently, it systematically analyzes the clinical presentation, heterogeneity, and research advancements of core symptom clusters across different stages of VTE, from acute deep vein thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism to post-thrombotic syndrome and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Concurrently, the review summarizes various tools currently used for VTE risk prediction, clinical diagnosis, and sequelae assessment (such as the Caprini, Wells, and Villalta scores) and highlights the current lack of dedicated assessment instruments for evaluating symptom clusters. Finally, it summarizes the shortcomings in the field regarding concept standardization, mechanism exploration, and management strategies, and proposes future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for advancing precision and holistic management in VTE care.
文章引用：陈宝夷, 邢业英, 李金秀. 静脉血栓栓塞症症状群的研究进展[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(4): 94-102. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.154109

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