耕地质量分类导向下耕地土壤结构综合分析：以锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗为例

Comprehensive Analysis of Cultivated Land Soil Structure Guided by Cultivated Land Quality Classification: A Case Study of Zhenglan Banner, Xilingol League

摘要: 【目的】耕地土壤条件是耕地质量状况的重要体现，全面开展耕地土壤分析是实现耕地质量提升与保护的基础。【方法】基于多期耕地资源质量分类成果中的土层厚度、土壤质地、土壤有机质含量和土壤pH值四项耕地土壤条件数据，采用GIS技术、层次分析法、模糊聚类法和综合指数法，对正蓝旗耕地土壤进行系统分析，揭示沙化进程对耕地土壤质量的影响机制，提出靶向性改良技术方案。【结果】正蓝旗耕地土壤受地形与沙化影响呈现显著空间分异特征，北部沙区耕地以风沙土为主，土层浅薄(≤30 cm占比75.3%)、质地松散、有机质含量偏低(平均7.8 g/kg)；南部低山丘陵区耕地以栗钙土、暗栗钙土为主，土层厚度适中(50~80 cm占比68.2%)、有机质含量相对较高(平均21.5 g/kg)；全旗耕地土壤pH值整体呈弱碱性，沙化区域碱性强于非沙化区域；耕地土壤综合质量指数介于35.2~72.6之间，优质耕地集中分布于南部低山丘陵缓坡地带及河流两岸冲积平原，沙化程度与耕地土壤质量呈显著负相关。【结论】基于多期耕地资源质量分类成果能够精准识别正蓝旗耕地土壤的关键特征与空间格局，分区改良技术细则可有效支撑该区域耕地土壤改良、沙化阻控及“三位一体”耕地保护实践，为北方沙化地区耕地治理提供范式参考。

Abstract: [Purpose] Cultivated land soil conditions are an important manifestation of cultivated land quality, and conducting comprehensive cultivated land soil analysis is the foundation for realizing the improvement and protection of cultivated land quality. [Method] Based on four types of cultivated land soil condition data (soil layer thickness, soil texture, soil organic matter content, and soil pH value) from multi-period cultivated land resource quality classification results, this study systematically analyzed the cultivated land soil in Zhenglan Banner using GIS technology, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), fuzzy clustering method, and comprehensive index method. The aim was to reveal the impact mechanism of desertification process on cultivated land soil quality and propose targeted improvement technical schemes. [Result] The cultivated land soil in Zhenglan Banner showed significant spatial differentiation characteristics affected by terrain and desertification. Cultivated land in the northern sandy area was dominated by aeolian sandy soil, with thin soil layers (75.3% ≤ 30 cm), loose texture, and low organic matter content (average 7.8 g/kg); cultivated land in the southern low mountain and hilly area was dominated by chestnut soil and dark chestnut soil, with moderate soil thickness (68.2% between 50~80 cm) and relatively high organic matter content (average 21.5 g/kg). The soil pH value of cultivated land in the whole banner was generally weakly alkaline, and the alkalinity in desertified areas was stronger than that in non-desertified areas. The comprehensive quality index of cultivated land soil ranged from 35.2 to 72.6, with high-quality cultivated land concentrated in the gentle slope areas of the southern low mountains and hills and the alluvial plains along rivers. There was a significantly negative correlation between desertification degree and cultivated land soil quality. [Conclusion] Based on multi-period cultivated land resource quality classification results, the key characteristics and spatial pattern of cultivated land soil in Zhenglan Banner can be accurately identified. The zoned improvement technical rules can effectively support the practices of cultivated land soil improvement, desertification control, and “trinity” cultivated land protection in this region, providing a paradigm reference for cultivated land management in desertified areas of northern China.