斑马鱼模型在环境污染物神经毒性研究中的 应用及进展

Application and Progress of Zebrafish Models in Neurotoxicity Research of Environmental Pollutants

摘要: 斑马鱼在神经系统发育、血脑屏障功能、神经递质调节以及行为表现等方面与哺乳动物高度相似，因其独特的生物学特性已经成为研究环境污染物神经毒性的关键脊椎动物模型。本综述分析了近年来利用斑马鱼模型在环境污染物引起的行为异常、神经发育障碍和结构损伤等表型变化以及其在神经递质失衡、氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞死亡及关键信号通路失调等核心机制研究方面取得的主要进展，关注了部分污染物表现出的跨代与多代神经毒性效应，为理解环境污染物神经毒性的长期影响提供了新的视角，探讨了当前面临的挑战，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望，以期为环境神经毒理学机制研究、风险评估和相关政策制定提供参考依据。

Abstract: Zebrafish are highly similar to mammals in terms of nervous system development, blood-brain barrier function, neurotransmitter regulation, and behavioral performance. Owing to their unique biological characteristics, they have become a key vertebrate model for studying the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants. This review analyzes the major advances achieved in recent years using zebrafish models regarding phenotypic changes induced by environmental pollutants, including behavioral abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorders, and structural damage, as well as the core mechanisms such as neurotransmitter imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cell death, and dysregulation of key signaling pathways. Attention is paid to the transgenerational and multigenerational neurotoxic effects of certain pollutants, providing new perspectives for understanding the long-term impacts of environmental pollutants on neurotoxicity. Current challenges are discussed and future development trends are prospected, aiming to provide a reference for mechanistic research, risk assessment, and relevant policy formulation in environmental neurotoxicology.